Effects of exercise-induced apelin levels on skeletal muscle and their capillarization in type 2 diabetic rats
Jun Seok Son MS
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHee-Jae Kim PhD
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorYeri Son BS
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHojun Lee PhD
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorSong Ah Chae BS
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJe Kyung Seong DVM, PhD
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Wook Song PhD
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence to: W. Song; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJun Seok Son MS
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHee-Jae Kim PhD
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorYeri Son BS
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHojun Lee PhD
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorSong Ah Chae BS
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJe Kyung Seong DVM, PhD
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Laboratory of Development Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Wook Song PhD
Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence to: W. Song; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2013M3A9B6046417, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project NRF-2013M3A9D5072550, and MEST 2011-0030135) and Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A2058645).
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Exercise-induced apelin as a myokine is believed to play a role in the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and capillarization. In this study, we evaluated the association between exercise-induced apelin and muscle capillarization.
Methods
Zucker rats underwent a treadmill exercise program. Body composition, muscle strength, muscle size, muscle capillarization, and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]) were measured. Apelin levels of skeletal muscle and plasma were then analyzed.
Results
Exercise improved body composition (P < 0.05), HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), and grip strength (P < 0.001). In the soleus, the fiber size of T2DM was decreased (P < 0.001), but it increased in fiber size and capillarization after exercise (P < 0.001) occurred. We identified an increase in plasma apelin (P < 0.05) and a decrease in soleus apelin (P < 0.01), as well as an association between soleus apelin and angiogenesis (P < 0.01).
Discussion
A role for exercise-induced apelin in improving metabolism indicates the possibility of a new drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases and repairing skeletal muscle damage. Muscle Nerve 56: 1155–1163, 2017
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