Zoning management framework for comprehensive land consolidation in oasis rural in arid area: Case study of the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis in Xinjiang, China
Chen Ma
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Manchun Li
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Manchun Li, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Email: [email protected]
Hongwei Wang, College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Ürümqi 830017, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hongwei Wang
College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Correspondence
Manchun Li, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Email: [email protected]
Hongwei Wang, College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Ürümqi 830017, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPenghui Jiang
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorKui Luo
College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Search for more papers by this authorChen Ma
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Manchun Li
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Manchun Li, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Email: [email protected]
Hongwei Wang, College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Ürümqi 830017, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hongwei Wang
College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Correspondence
Manchun Li, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
Email: [email protected]
Hongwei Wang, College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Ürümqi 830017, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPenghui Jiang
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorKui Luo
College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) is a strategy to promote the intensive, efficient, and sustainable use of land, and is of great significance in repairing degraded land in oases, reversing the decline of the countryside, and activating multiple values of land use. However, how to scientifically assess and zoning management of CLC in dryland oases remains an open question. In this study, a comprehensive analytical framework was established to assess the characteristics of land-use transformation and the potential for CLC using remotely sensed and geospatial data and spatial analysis methods, a multi-objective territorial differentiation model, and collaborative path for CLC in oasis villages was proposed. The following key results were obtained. (1) From 2009 to 2018, urban and rural settlements in the hinterland of the Weiku Oasis expanded by 40 km2, and shrub forests and grasslands in the oasis-desert transition zone shrank substantially by 21.13 km2. The newly cultivated farmland in the oasis-desert transition zone only offset 62.9% of the occupied farmland in the hinterland of the oasis. (2) The pattern of comprehensive rural land consolidation potential in the Weiku Oasis was consistent with territorial differentiation, with a gradient decrease from the hinterland of the oasis to the desert. The average potential for Comprehensive land consolidation (PCLC) index was 0.31. (3) Three consolidation priorities and six consolidation types were identified for the proposal of 14 combined modes of CLC. Territorial differentiation with respect to the combined modes was discussed. Overall, this study provides useful insights for promoting efficient and sustainable utilization of oasis land resources and implementing zoning management.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
Filename | Description |
---|---|
ldr4976-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 41.4 KB | Data S1: Supporting information. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REFERENCES
- Asiama, K. O., Bennett, R. M., & Zevenbergen, J. A. (2017). Land consolidation on Ghana's rural customary lands: Drawing from the Dutch, Lithuanian and Rwandan experiences. Journal of Rural Studies, 56, 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.09.007
- Asimeh, M., Nooripoor, M., Azadi, H., Van Eetvelde, V., Sklenička, P., & Witlox, F. (2020). Agricultural land use sustainability in Southwest Iran: Improving land leveling using consolidation plans. Land Use Policy, 94, 104555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104555
- Bahar, S. K., & Kirmikil, M. (2021). The evaluation of agricultural landowner inputs before and after land consolidation: The Kesik Village example. Land Use Policy, 109, 105605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105605
- Barbier, E. B., & Hochard, J. P. (2018). Land degradation and poverty. Nature Sustainability, 1, 623–631. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0155-4
- Cao, S., Zheng, X., Chen, L., Ma, H., & Xia, J. (2017). Using the green purchase method to help farmers escape the poverty trap in semiarid China. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 37(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0420-3
- De Neve, J.-E., & Sachs, J. D. (2020). The SDGs and human well-being: A global analysis of synergies, trade-offs, and regional differences. Scientific Reports, 10, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71916-9
- Du, H., Liu, X., Jia, X., Li, S., & Fan, Y. (2022). Assessment of the effects of ecological restoration projects on soil wind erosion in northern China in the past two decades. Catena, 215, 106360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106360
- Duan, J., Ren, C., Wang, S., Zhang, X., Reis, S., Xu, J., & Gu, B. (2021). Consolidation of agricultural land can contribute to agricultural sustainability in China. Nature Food, 2, 1014–1022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00415-5
- Fan, Y. T., Jin, X. B., Zhang, X. L., Sun, Y., & Han, B. (2021). Mechanism analysis and case study of comprehensive land consolidation from the perspective of rural restructuring. China Land Science, 35, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.11994/zgtdkx.20210415.085928
10.11994/zgtdkx.20210415.085928 Google Scholar
- Guo, B., Fang, Y., Jin, X., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Monitoring the effects of land consolidation on the ecological environmental quality based on remote sensing: A case study of Chaohu Lake Basin, China. Land Use Policy, 95, 104569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104569
- Han, B., Jin, X. B., Gu, Z. M., Yin, Y. X., Liu, J. P., & Zhou, Y. K. (2021). Research progress and key issues of territory consolidation under the target of rural revitalization. Journal of Natural Resources, 36, 3007–3030. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20211202
10.31497/zrzyxb.20211202 Google Scholar
- Han, B., Jin, X. B., Sun, R., Li, H. B., Tian, Y. F., Zhao, Q. L., & Zhou, Y. K. (2019). Research on the classification system of integrated territory consolidation in the new era. China Land Science, 33, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.11994/zgtdkx.20190724.101007
- Hao, L., Su, X., Singh, V. P., Zhang, L., & Zhang, G. (2019). Suitable oasis and cultivated land scales in arid regions based on ecological health. Ecological Indicators, 102, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.053
- Hong, C., Jin, X., Fan, Y., Xiang, X., Cao, S., Chen, C., Zheng, G., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Determining the effect of land consolidation on agricultural production using a novel assessment framework. Land Degradation & Development, 31, 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3454
- Hu, S., Song, Y., Tian, C., Li, Y., Li, X., & Chen, X. (2007). Suitable scale of Weigan River plain oasis. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 50, 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-007-8021-7
- Huang, Q., Song, W., & Song, C. (2020). Consolidating the layout of rural settlements using system dynamics and the multi-agent system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 123150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123150
- Janus, J., & Taszakowski, J. (2018). Spatial differentiation of indicators presenting selected barriers in the productivity of agricultural areas: A regional approach to setting land consolidation priorities. Ecological Indicators, 93, 718–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.050
- Jiang, H., Peng, J., Zhao, Y., Xu, D., & Dong, J. (2022). Zoning for ecosystem restoration based on ecological network in mountainous region. Ecological Indicators, 142, 109138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109138
- Jiang, Y., Long, H., Tang, Y., Deng, W., Chen, K., & Zheng, Y. (2021). The impact of land consolidation on rural vitalization at village level: A case study of a Chinese village. Journal of Rural Studies, 86, 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.004
- Jiang, Y., Tang, Y.-T., Long, H., & Deng, W. (2022). Land consolidation: A comparative research between Europe and China. Land Use Policy, 112, 105790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105790
- Kapović Solomun, M., Barger, N., Cerda, A., Keesstra, S., & Marković, M. (2018). Assessing land condition as a first step to achieving land degradation neutrality: A case study of the Republic of Srpska. Environmental Science & Policy, 90, 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.014
- Kates, R. W., Clark, W. C., Corell, R., Hall, J. M., Jaeger, C. C., Lowe, I., McCarthy, J. J., Schellnhuber, H. J., Bolin, B., Dickson, N. M., Faucheux, S., Gallopin, G. C., Grubler, A., Huntley, B., Jager, J., Jodha, N. S., Kasperson, R. E., Mabogunje, A., Matson, P., … Svedin, U. (2001). Environment and development – sustainability science. Science, 292, 641–642. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059386
- Kong, X., Liu, D., Tian, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021). Multi-objective spatial reconstruction of rural settlements considering intervillage social connections. Journal of Rural Studies, 84, 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.028
- Li, C., Fu, B., Wang, S., Stringer, L. C., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhou, W. (2021). Drivers and impacts of changes in China's drylands. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2, 858–873. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00226-z
10.1038/s43017-021-00226-z Google Scholar
- Li, H., Jin, X., Liu, J., Feng, D., Xu, W., & Zhou, Y. (2022). Analytical framework for integrating resources, morphology, and function of rural system resilience—An empirical study of 386 villages. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 132738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132738
- Li, Y., Liu, Y., Long, H., & Cui, W. (2014). Community-based rural residential land consolidation and allocation can help to revitalize hollowed villages in traditional agricultural areas of China: Evidence from Dancheng County, Henan Province. Land Use Policy, 39, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.02.016
- Liu, J., Jin, X., Xu, W., Sun, R., Han, B., Yang, X., Gu, Z., Xu, C., Sui, X., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Influential factors and classification of cultivated land fragmentation, and implications for future land consolidation: A case study of Jiangsu Province in eastern China. Land Use Policy, 88, 104185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104185
- Liu, X., Wang, Y., & Xin, L. (2022). China's oases have expanded by nearly 40% over the past 20 years. Land Degradation & Development, 33, 3817–3828. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4425
- Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2017). Revitalize the world's countryside. Nature, 548, 275–277. https://doi.org/10.1038/548275a
- Liu, Y., Zheng, X., Wang, Y., Cao, Z., Li, Y., Wu, W., Liu, Z., Long, H., & Li, R. (2018). Land consolidation engineering and modern agriculture: A case study from soil particles to agricultural systems. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 28, 1896–1906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-018-1570-1
- Liu, Z., Liu, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). A global analysis of agricultural productivity and water resource consumption changes over cropland expansion regions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 321, 107630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107630
- Long, H. (2022). Theorizing land use transitions: A human geography perspective. Habitat International, 128, 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102669
- Long, H., & Qu, Y. (2018). Land use transitions and land management: A mutual feedback perspective. Land Use Policy, 74, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.03.021
- Long, H., Zhang, Y., & Tu, S. (2019). Rural vitalization in China: A perspective of land consolidation. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 29, 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1599-9
- Long, H. (2014). Land consolidation: An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 24, 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-014-1083-5
- Lu, M., Wei, L., Ge, D., Sun, D., Zhang, Z., & Lu, Y. (2020). Spatial optimisation of rural settlements based on the perspective of appropriateness–domination: A case of Xinyi City. Habitat International, 98, 102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102148
- Ma, C., Wang, H. W., Tan, B., Zhou, J., Dai, X. Y., & Wang, X. Q. (2022). Characteristics and spatial reconstruction of an urban-rural settlement scale system in a typical oasis in Xinjiang: A case study of the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis. Acta Geographica Sinica, 77, 852–868. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202204006
10.11821/dlxb202204006 Google Scholar
- Ma, L., Liu, S., Tao, T., Gong, M., & Bai, J. (2022). Spatial reconstruction of rural settlements based on livability and population flow. Habitat International, 126, 102614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102614
- Meyfroidt, P., de Bremond, A., Ryan, C. M., Archer, E., Aspinall, R., Chhabra, A., Camara, G., Corbera, E., DeFries, R., Díaz, S., Dong, J., Ellis, E. C., Erb, K.-H., Fisher, J. A., Garrett, R. D., Golubiewski, N. E., Grau, H. R., Grove, J. M., Haberl, H., … zu Ermgassen, E. K. H. J. (2022). Ten facts about land systems for sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, e2109217118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109217118
- Mu, G., He, J., Lei, J., Pang, Y., Xing, W., Yang, F., Liu, G., Mao, L., & Yue, J. (2013). A discussion on the transitional zone from oasis to sandy desert: A case study at Cele oasis. Arid Land Geograpy, 36, 195–202. https://doi.org/10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2013.02.003
10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2013.02.003 Google Scholar
- Muyibul, Z., Jianxin, X., Muhtar, P., Qingdong, S., & Run, Z. (2018). Spatiotemporal changes of land use/cover from 1995 to 2015 in an oasis in the middle reaches of the Keriya River, southern Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Catena, 171, 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.038
- Niroula, G. S., & Thapa, G. B. (2005). Impacts and causes of land fragmentation, and lessons learned from land consolidation in South Asia. Land Use Policy, 22, 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.10.001
- Ntihinyurwa, P. D., & de Vries, W. T. (2020). Farmland fragmentation and defragmentation nexus: Scoping the causes, impacts, and the conditions determining its management decisions. Ecological Indicators, 119, 106828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106828
- Pašakarnis, G., & Maliene, V. (2010). Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: Applying land consolidation. Land Use Policy, Forest Transitions, 27, 545–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.07.008
- Qu, Y., Jiang, G., Ma, W., & Li, Z. (2021). How does the rural settlement transition contribute to shaping sustainable rural development? Evidence from Shandong, China. Journal of Rural Studies, 82, 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.027
- Ran, Y., Lei, D., Li, J., Gao, L., Mo, J., & Liu, X. (2022). Identification of crucial areas of territorial ecological restoration based on ecological security pattern: A case study of the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration, China. Ecological Indicators, 143, 109318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109318
- Rao, J. (2022). Comprehensive land consolidation as a development policy for rural vitalisation: Rural in situ urbanisation through semi socio-economic restructuring in Huai Town. Journal of Rural Studies, 93, 386–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.009
- Reynolds, J. F., Smith, D. M. S., Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Mortimore, M., Batterbury, S. P. J., Downing, T. E., Dowlatabadi, H., Fernández, R. J., Herrick, J. E., Huber-Sannwald, E., Jiang, H., Leemans, R., Lynam, T., Maestre, F. T., Ayarza, M., & Walker, B. (2007). Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science, 316, 847–851. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131634
- Su, Y. Z., Zhao, W. Z., Su, P. X., Zhang, Z. H., Wang, T., & Ram, R. (2007). Ecological effects of desertification control and desertified land reclamation in an oasis–desert ecotone in an arid region: A case study in Hexi corridor, Northwest China. Ecological Engineering, 29, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.10.015
- Wang, A., Liao, X., Tong, Z., Du, W., Zhang, J., Liu, X., & Liu, M. (2022). Spatial-temporal dynamic evaluation of the ecosystem service value from the perspective of “production-living-ecological” spaces: A case study in Dongliao River Basin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, 130218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130218
- Wang, G., Munson, S. M., Yu, K., Chen, N., & Gou, Q. (2020). Ecological effects of establishing a 40-year oasis protection system in a northwestern China desert. Catena, 187, 104374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104374
- Wang, J., Sun, Q., & Zou, L. (2023). Spatial-temporal evolution and driving mechanism of rural production-living-ecological space in Pingtan islands, China. Habitat International, 137, 102833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102833
- Wang, S., Bai, X., Zhang, X., Reis, S., Chen, D., Xu, J., & Gu, B. (2021). Urbanization can benefit agricultural production with large-scale farming in China. Nature Food, 2, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00228-6
- Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2013). Land exploitation resulting in soil salinization in a desert–oasis ecotone. Catena, 100, 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.08.005
- Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2019). Promotion of degraded land consolidation to rural poverty alleviation in the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China. Land Use Policy, 88, 104114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104114
- Xue, J., Gui, D., Lei, J., Sun, H., Zeng, F., Mao, D., Jin, Q., & Liu, Y. (2019). Oasification: An unable evasive process in fighting against desertification for the sustainable development of arid and semiarid regions of China. Catena, 179, 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.03.029
- Yan, J., Xia, F., & Bao, H. X. H. (2015). Strategic planning framework for land consolidation in China: A top-level design based on SWOT analysis. Habitat International, 48, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.03.001
- Yang, G., Li, F., Chen, D., He, X., Xue, L., & Long, A. (2019). Assessment of changes in oasis scale and water management in the arid Manas River Basin, north western China. Science of the Total Environment., 691, 506–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.143
- Yang, R., Xu, Q., & Long, H. (2016). Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstruction analysis of China's rural settlements during the process of rapid urbanization. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.05.013
- Yao, K., Halike, A., Chen, L., & Wei, Q. (2022). Spatiotemporal changes of eco-environmental quality based on remote sensing-based ecological index in the Hotan Oasis, Xinjiang. Journal of Arid Land, 14, 262–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-022-0011-2
- Yin, Q., Sui, X., Ye, B., Zhou, Y., Li, C., Zou, M., & Zhou, S. (2022). What role does land consolidation play in the multi-dimensional rural revitalization in China? A research synthesis. Land Use Policy, 120, 106261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106261
- Yin, X., Feng, Q., Li, Y., Deo, R. C., Liu, W., Zhu, M., Zheng, X., & Liu, R. (2022). An interplay of soil salinization and groundwater degradation threatening coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 806, 150599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150599
- Ying, L., Dong, Z., Wang, J., Mei, Y., Shen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Rural economic benefits of land consolidation in mountainous and hilly areas of Southeast China: Implications for rural development. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.007
- Zang, Y., Yang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021). Toward serving land consolidation on the table of sustainability: An overview of the research landscape and future directions. Land Use Policy, 109, 105696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105696
- Zhang, D., Ge, W., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Evaluating the vegetation restoration sustainability of ecological projects: A case study of Wuqi County in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 264, 121751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121751
- Zhong, L., Wang, J., Zhang, X., & Ying, L. (2020). Effects of agricultural land consolidation on ecosystem services: Trade-offs and synergies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 264, 121412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121412
- Zhong, L., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Ying, L., & Zhu, C. (2020). Effects of agricultural land consolidation on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China – Implications for land management. Land Use Policy, 95, 104637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104637
- Zhou, J., & Cao, X. (2020). What is the policy improvement of China's land consolidation? Evidence from completed land consolidation projects in Shaanxi Province. Land Use Policy, 99, 104847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104847
- Zhou, Y., Guo, L., & Liu, Y. (2019). Land consolidation boosting poverty alleviation in China: Theory and practice. Land Use Policy, 82, 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.024
- Zhou, Y., Li, Y., & Xu, C. (2020). Land consolidation and rural revitalization in China: Mechanisms and paths. Land Use Policy, 91, 104379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104379
- Zhu, C., Ding, J., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Revealing the scale- and location-specific variation and control factors of soil salinity using bi-dimensional empirical modal decomposition. Land Degradation & Development, 33, 3446–3460. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4398