Inhomogeneous sodium accumulation in the ischemic core in rat focal cerebral ischemia by 23Na MRI
Corresponding Author
Victor E. Yushmanov PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772Search for more papers by this authorAlexander Kharlamov MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorBoris Yanovski MD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorGeorge LaVerde MD, PhD
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorFernando E. Boada PhD
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorStephen C. Jones PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Neurology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Victor E. Yushmanov PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772Search for more papers by this authorAlexander Kharlamov MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorBoris Yanovski MD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorGeorge LaVerde MD, PhD
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorFernando E. Boada PhD
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorStephen C. Jones PhD
Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Neurology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Purpose
To test the hypotheses that (i) the regional heterogeneity of brain sodium concentration ([Na+]br) provides a parameter for ischemic progression not available from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data, and (ii) [Na+]br increases more in ischemic cortex than in the caudate putamen (CP) with its lesser collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
Materials and Methods
23Na twisted projection MRI was performed at 3 Tesla. [Na+]br was independently determined by flame photometry. The ischemic core was localized by ADC, by microtubule-associated protein-2 immunohistochemistry, and by changes in surface reflectivity.
Results
Within the ischemic core, the ADC ratio relative to the contralateral tissue was homogeneous (0.63 ± 0.07), whereas the rate of [Na+]br increase (slope) was heterogeneous (P < 0.005): 22 ± 4%/h in the sites of maximum slope versus 14 ± 1%/h elsewhere (here 100% is [Na+]br in the contralateral brain). Maximum slopes in the cortex were higher than in CP (P < 0.05). In the ischemic regions, there was no slope/ADC correlation between animals and within the same brain (P > 0.1). Maximum slope was located at the periphery of ischemic core in 8/10 animals.
Conclusion
Unlike ADC, 23Na MRI detected within-core ischemic lesion heterogeneity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:18–24. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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