Cell dynamic adhesion and elastic properties probed with cylindrical atomic force microscopy cantilever tips†
Félix Rico
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorPere Roca-Cusachs
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRaimon Sunyer
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRamon Farré
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel Navajas
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
Professor of Physiology.
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorFélix Rico
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorPere Roca-Cusachs
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRaimon Sunyer
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRamon Farré
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel Navajas
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
Professor of Physiology.
Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorPaper presented as part of a special issue of papers from the ‘AFM BioMed conference, Barcelona 2007’.
Abstract
Cell adhesion is required for essential biological functions such as migration, tissue formation and wound healing, and it is mediated by individual molecules that bind specifically to ligands on other cells or on the extracellular matrix. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been successfully used to measure cell adhesion at both single molecule and whole cell levels. However, the measurement of inherent cell adhesion properties requires a constant cell–probe contact area during indentation, a requirement which is not fulfilled in common pyramidal or spherical AFM tips. We developed a procedure using focused ion beam (FIB) technology by which we modified silicon pyramidal AFM cantilever tips to obtain flat-ended cylindrical tips with a constant and known area of contact. The tips were validated on elastic gels and living cells. Cylindrical tips showed a fairly linear force–indentation behaviour on both gels and cells for indentations >200 nm. Cylindrical tips coated with ligands were used to quantify inherent dynamic cell adhesion and elastic properties. Force, work of adhesion and elasticity showed a marked dynamic response. In contrast, the deformation applied to the cells before rupture was fairly constant within the probed dynamic range. Taken together, these results suggest that the dynamic adhesion strength is counterbalanced by the dynamic elastic response to keep a constant cell deformation regardless of the applied pulling rate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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