Hydromediastinum associated with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter in a newborn infant

We report a case of hydromediastinum in a newborn associated with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter. A 9-day-old male infant with total parenteral nutrition via a peripherally inserted central venous catheter had acute respiratory distress. A chest radiograph showed a widened mediastinal shadow and left pleural effusion, and sonography revealed fluid collection in the mediastinum and bilateral hydrothorax. Sonography is useful in the diagnosis of hydromediastinum when infants treated with peripherally inserted central venous catheters have acute respiratory distress. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:195–198, 2006