Review Article
Three-dimensional patterning in biomedicine: Importance and applications in neuropharmacology
Ajay Vikram Singh,
Tanmay Gharat,
Madu Batuwangala,
Byung-Wook Park,
Thomas Endlein,
Metin Sitti,
Corresponding Author
Ajay Vikram Singh
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Correspondence to: A. Vikram Singh; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorTanmay Gharat
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, 12180
Search for more papers by this authorMadu Batuwangala
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorByung-Wook Park
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Endlein
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMetin Sitti
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAjay Vikram Singh,
Tanmay Gharat,
Madu Batuwangala,
Byung-Wook Park,
Thomas Endlein,
Metin Sitti,
Corresponding Author
Ajay Vikram Singh
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Correspondence to: A. Vikram Singh; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorTanmay Gharat
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, 12180
Search for more papers by this authorMadu Batuwangala
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorByung-Wook Park
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Endlein
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMetin Sitti
Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Nature manufactures biological systems in three dimensions with precisely controlled spatiotemporal profiles on hierarchical length and time scales. In this article, we review 3D patterning of biological systems on synthetic platforms for neuropharmacological applications. We briefly describe 3D versus 2D chemical and topographical patterning methods and their limitations. Subsequently, an overview of introducing a third dimension in neuropharmacological research with delineation of chemical and topographical roles is presented. Finally, toward the end of this article, an explanation of how 3D patterning has played a pivotal role in relevant fields of neuropharmacology to understand neurophysiology during development, normal health, and disease conditions is described. The future prospects of organs-on-a--like devices to mimic patterned blood–brain barrier in the context of neurotherapeutic discovery and development for the prioritization of lead candidates, membrane potential, and toxicity testing are also described. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1369–1382, 2018.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors state that there is no conflict of interests with the contents of this article.
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