Effects of free radical initiators on polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogel properties and biocompatibility
Thomas S. Wilems
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorXi Lu
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYuki E. Kurosu
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorZara Khan
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorHyun Ju Lim
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Laura A. Smith Callahan
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
The Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Correspondence to: Laura A. Smith Callahan; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorThomas S. Wilems
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorXi Lu
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYuki E. Kurosu
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorZara Khan
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorHyun Ju Lim
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Laura A. Smith Callahan
The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
The Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
Correspondence to: Laura A. Smith Callahan; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Many studies have utilized Irgacure 2959 photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels for tissue engineering application development. Due to the limited penetration of ultraviolet light through tissue, Irgacure 2959 polymerized hydrogels are not suitable for use in tissues where material injection is desirable, such as the spinal cord. To address this, several free radical initiators (thermal initiator VA044, ammonium persulfate (APS)/TEMED reduction–oxidation reaction, and Fenton chemistry) are evaluated for their effects on the material and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels compared with Irgacure 2959. To emulate the effects of endogenous thiols on in vivo polymerization, the effects of chain transfer agent (CTA) dithiothreitol on gelation rates, material properties, Young's and shear modulus, are examined. Mouse embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neural stem cells were used to investigate the cytocompatibility of each polymerization. VA044 and Fenton chemistry polymerization of PEG hydrogels both had gelation rates and mechanical properties that were highly susceptible to changes in CTA concentration and showed poor cytocompatibility. APS/TEMED polymerized hydrogels maintained consistent gelation rates and mechanical properties at high CTA concentration and had a similar cytocompatibility as Irgacure 2959 when cells were encapsulated within the PEG hydrogels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3059–3068, 2017.
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