Research Article
High surface energy enhances cell response to titanium substrate microstructure
G. Zhao,
Z. Schwartz,
M. Wieland, F. Rupp,
J. Geis-Gerstorfer,
D. L. Cochran,
B. D. Boyan,
G. Zhao
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Search for more papers by this authorZ. Schwartz
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Hebrew University Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorF. Rupp
Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Geis-Gerstorfer
Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorD. L. Cochran
Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
B. D. Boyan
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332Search for more papers by this authorG. Zhao,
Z. Schwartz,
M. Wieland, F. Rupp,
J. Geis-Gerstorfer,
D. L. Cochran,
B. D. Boyan,
G. Zhao
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Search for more papers by this authorZ. Schwartz
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Hebrew University Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorF. Rupp
Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Geis-Gerstorfer
Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorD. L. Cochran
Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
B. D. Boyan
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Titanium (Ti) is used for implantable devices because of its biocompatible oxide surface layer. TiO2 surfaces that have a complex microtopography increase bone-to-implant contact and removal torque forces in vivo and induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Studies examining osteoblast response to controlled surface chemistries indicate that hydrophilic surfaces are osteogenic, but TiO2 surfaces produced until now exhibit low surface energy because of adsorbed hydrocarbons and carbonates from the ambient atmosphere or roughness induced hydrophobicity. Novel hydroxylated/hydrated Ti surfaces were used to retain high surface energy of TiO2. Osteoblasts grown on this modified surface exhibited a more differentiated phenotype characterized by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin and generated an osteogenic microenvironment through higher production of PGE2 and TGF-β1. Moreover, 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased these effects in a manner that was synergistic with high surface energy. This suggests that increased bone formation observed on modified Ti surfaces in vivo is due in part to stimulatory effects of high surface energy on osteoblasts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
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