A New Alcohol-Soluble Polymer PFN-ID as Cathode Interlayer to Optimize Performance of Conventional Polymer Solar Cells by Increasing Electron Mobility
Corresponding Author
Chunyan Yang
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chunlin Zhang
School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCan Chen
School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorYi Ren
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorHaojiang Shen
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorJunfeng Tong
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorSanshan Du
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorYangjun Xia
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianfeng Li
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chunyan Yang
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chunlin Zhang
School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCan Chen
School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorYi Ren
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorHaojiang Shen
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorJunfeng Tong
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorSanshan Du
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorYangjun Xia
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianfeng Li
Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
A new alcohol-soluble polymer PFN-ID is successfully synthesized by combining N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-6,6′-dibromoisoindigo and an amino-containing fluorene subunits, and applied to polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PTB7-Th:PC71BM as an active layer. The n-type backbone of the PFN-ID improves electron transfer performance and thus optimizes device performance. The PSCs with PFN-ID as cathode interfacial layers (CILs) have significantly improved compared to the device without the interface layer, especially the optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs reaches up to 9.24%, which is 1.62 times higher than that of devices without CILs. The I–V curves show that the introduction of the n-type backbone leads to a significant increase in the conductivity of PFN-ID compared to PFN. The UV photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky curves further confirm that PFN-ID can decrease the work function of Al electrode, and increase its built-in potential, giving higher open-circuit voltage. The resulting conventional PSCs using PFN-ID as cathode interlayer achieve high photovoltaic performance, and the research results can provide a new strategy for the advancement of PSCs.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Supporting Information
Filename | Description |
---|---|
ente202200199-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.pdf714.2 KB | Supplementary Material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1J. Lv, Y. Feng, J. Fu, J. Gao, R. Singh, M. Kumar, M. Kim, H. Tang, S. Lu, W. Zhang, I. McCulloch, J. Li, Z. Kan, Sol. RRL 2019, 4, 1900403.
- 2X. Liu, Z. Liang, S. Du, X. Niu, J. Tong, C. Yang, X. Lu, X. Bao, L. Yan, J. Li, Y. Xia, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 9386.
- 3R. Ma, M. Zeng, Y. Li, T. Liu, Z. Luo, Y. Xu, P. Li,N. Zheng, J. Li,Y. Li, R. Chen, J. Hou, F. Huang, H. Yan, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2100492.
- 4C. Han, H. Jiang, P. Wang, L. Yu, J. Wang, J. Han, W. Shen, N. Zheng, S. Wen, Y. Li, X. Bao, Mater. Chem. Front. 2021, 5, 3050.
- 5K. Gao, J. Miao, L. Xiao, W. Deng, Y. Kan, T. Liang, C. Wang, F. Huang, J. Peng, Y. Cao, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, H. Wu, X. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 4727.
- 6X. Liu, M. Ren, X. Niu, C. Chen, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, R. Zhang, Y. Xia, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021, 4, 7129.
- 7R. Ma, T. Liu, Z. Luo, Q. Guo, Y. Xiao, Y. Chen, X. Li, S. Luo, X. Lu, M. Zhang, Y. Li, H. Yan, Sci. China: Chem. 2020, 63, 325.
- 8Z. Liang, L. Yan, J. Si, P. Gong, X. Li, D. Liu, J. Li, X. Hou, Materials 2021, 14, 6723.
- 9J. Han, F. Bao, D. Huang, X. Wang, C. Yang, R. Yang, X. Jian, J. Wang, X. Bao, J. Chu, Adv. Funct. Mater 2020, 30, 2003654.
- 10H. Jiang, X. Li, Z. Liang, G. Huang, W. Chen, N. Zheng, R. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 7760.
- 11K. Gao, Y. Kan, X. Chen, F. Liu, B. Kan, L. Nian, X. Wan, Y. Chen, X. Peng, T. P. Russell, Y. Cao, A. K. Jen, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1906129.
- 12K. Gao, L. Li, T. Lai, L. Xiao, Y. Huang, F. Huang, J. Peng, Y. Cao, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, R. A. Janssen, X. Peng, J. Am. Chem. Soc 2015, 137, 7282.
- 13J. Han, X. Wang, D. Huang, C. Yang, R. Yang, X. Bao, Macromolecules 2020, 53, 6619.
- 14J. Li, Z. Liang, Y. Wang, H. Li, J. Tong, X. Bao, Y. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. C 2018, 6, 11015.
- 15X. Wang, K. Dou, B. Shahid, Z. Liu, Y. Li, M. Sun, N. Zheng, X. Bao, R. Yang, Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 6163.
- 16H. Jiang, X. Li, H. Wang, G. Huang, W. Chen, R. Zhang, R. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 26286.
- 17J. Li, Z. Liang, X. Li, H. Li, Y. Wang, J. Qin, J. Tong, L. Yan, X. Bao, Y. Xia, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 8475.
- 18L. Yan, Z. Liang, J. Si, P. Gong, Y. Wang, X. Liu, J. Tong, J. Li, X. Hou, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 6945.
- 19H. Jiang, C. Han, Y. Li, F. Bi, N. Zheng, J. Han, W. Shen, S. Wen, C. Yang, R. Yang, X. Bao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 31, 2007088.
- 20J. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Liang, N. Wang, J. Tong, C. Yang, X. Bao, Y. Xia, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 7022.
- 21X. Li, G. Huang, W. Chen, H. Jiang, S. Qiao, R. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 16670.
- 22a) W. Shen, G. Zhao, X. Zhang, F. Bu, J. Yun, J. Tang, Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 944; b) J. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Liang, J. Qin, M. Ren, J. Tong, C. Yang, C. Yang, X. Bao, Y. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8, 2483.
- 23J. Lv, H. Tang, J. Huang, C. Yan, K. Liu, Q. Yang, D. Hu, R. Singh, J. Lee, S. Lu, G. Li, Z. Kan, Energy Environ. Sci. 2021, 14, 3044.
- 24H. Tan, Y. Long, J. Zhang, J. Zhu, J. Yang, J. Yu, W. Zhu, Dyes Pigm. 2019, 162, 797.
- 25H. Tan, X. Zheng, J. Zhu, J. Yu, W. Zhu, J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 13301.
- 26Q. Wang, Y. Qin, M. Li, L. Ye, Y. Geng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2002572.
- 27X. Zhang, Q. Wang, W. Shen, C. Han, Y. Shao, L. A. Belfiore, J. Tang, J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9, 41.
- 28X. Liu, S. Du, Z. Fu, C. Chen, J. Tong, J. Li, N. Zheng, R. Zhang, Y. Xia, Sol. Energy 2021, 222, 18.
- 29T. Liu, R. Ma, Z. Luo, Y. Guo, G. Zhang, Y. Xiao, T. Yang, Y. Chen, G. Li, Y. Yi, X. Lu, H. Yan, B. Tang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 2115.
- 30T. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Shao, R. Ma, Z. Luo, Y. Xiao, T. Yang, X. Lu, Z. Yuan, H. Yan, Y. Chen, Y. Li, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2000456.
- 31X. Wang, D. Huang, J. Han, L. Hu, C. Xiao, Z. Li, R. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 11108.
- 32X. Liu, R. Ma, Y. Wang, S. Du, J. Tong, X. Shi, J. Li, X. Bao, Y. Xia, T. Liu, H. Yan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 11117.
- 33Y. Cui, Y. Xu, H. Yao, P. Bi, L. Hong, J. Zhang, Y. Zu, T. Zhang, J. Qin, J. Ren, Z. Chen, C. He, X. Hao, Z. Wei, J. Hou, Adv. Mater. 2021 33, 2102420.
- 34B. Guo, J. Han, J. Qiu, C. Yu, Y. Sun, F. Li, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 42969.
- 35J. Han, Y. Chen, W. Chen, C. Yu, X. Song, F. Li, Y. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 32823.
- 36C. Chen, C. Zhang, Y. Peng, N. Wang, X. Liu, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, Y. Xia, Opt. Mater. 2021, 113, 110909.
- 37Z. Fu, X. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, R. Zhang, C. Yang, Y. Xia, Sol. Energy 2021, 218, 375.
- 38Z. Fu, X. Liu, X. Niu, M. Ren, L. Xue, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, Y. Xia, Adv. Sustainable Syst. 2021, 5, 2100235.
- 39Z. Liang, J. Tong, H. Li, Y. Wang, N. Wang, J. Li, C. Yang, Y. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 15841.
- 40J. Liu, X. Liu, C. Chen, S. Han, N. Wang, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, Y. Xia, Opt. Mater. 2021, 122, 111647.
- 41J. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Liang, J. Qin, M. Ren, J. Tong, C. Yang, C. Yang, X. Bao, Y. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8, 2483.
- 42X. Liu, Z. Liang, S. Du, J. Tong, J. Li, R. Zhang, X. Shi, L. Yan, X. Bao, Y. Xia, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021, 4, 1774.
- 43X. Li, G. Huang, H. Wang, T. Wang, Z. Zhao, H. Peng, C. Cao, Y. Qi, W. Chen, R. Yang, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 422, 130097.
- 44Y. Li, L. Yu, L. Chen, C. Han, H. Jiang, Z. Liu, N. Zheng, J. Wang, M. Sun, R. Yang, X. Bao, Innovation 2021, 2, 100090.
- 45Z. Liang, M. Li, Q. Wang, Y. Qin, S. J. Stuard, Z. Peng, Y. Deng, H. Ade, L. Ye, Y. Geng, Joule 2020, 4, 1278.
- 46Y. Li, N. Zheng, L. Yu, S. Wen, C. Gao, M. Sun, R. Yang, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1807832.
- 47W. Peng, G. Zhang, M. Zhu, H. Xia, Y. Zhang, H. Tan, Y. Liu, W. Chi, Q. Peng, W. Zhu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 48128.
- 48Z. Peng, K. Jiang, Y. Qin, M. Li, N. Balar, B. T. O'Connor, H. Ade, L. Ye, Y. Geng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2003506.
- 49L. Liu, Y. Kan, K. Gao, J. Wang, M. Zhao, H. Chen, C. Zhao, T. Jiu, A. K. Jen, Y. Li, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1907604.
- 50T. Liu, X. Pan, X. Meng, Y. Liu, D. Wei, W. Ma, L. Huo, X. Sun, T. H. Lee, M. Huang, H. Choi, J. Y. Kim, W. C. Choy, Y. Sun, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604251.
- 51T. Liu, L. Huo, S. Chandrabose, K. Chen, G. Han, F. Qi, X. Meng, D. Xie, W. Ma, Y. Yi, J. M. Hodgkiss, F. Liu, J. Wang, C. Yang, Y. Sun, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1707353.
- 52X. Wang, J. Wang, J. Han, D. Huang, P. Wang, L. Zhou, C. Yang, X. Bao, R. Yang, Nano Energy 2021, 81, 105612.
- 53Z. Wang, K. Gao, Y. Kan, M. Zhang, C. Qiu, L. Zhu, Z. Zhao, X. Peng, W. Feng, Z. Qian, X. Gu, A. K. Jen, B. Z. Tang, Y. Cao, Y. Zhang, F. Liu, Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 332.
- 54S. Wen, Y. Li, N. Zheng, I. O. Raji, C. Yang, X. Bao, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 13671.
- 55L. Lu, T. Xu, W. Chen, E. S. Landry, L. Yu, Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 716.
- 56Y. Zhang, S. Yuan, Y. Li, W. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 2014, 117, 438.