ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Experiences of loss of control eating in women after bariatric surgery: A qualitative study
Yang Yu PhD,
Kuan-Lin Yeh MSN,
Melissa A. Kalarchian PhD,
Susan Groth PhD,
Corresponding Author
Yang Yu PhD
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Correspondence
Yang Yu, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorKuan-Lin Yeh MSN
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMelissa A. Kalarchian PhD
School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSusan Groth PhD
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorYang Yu PhD,
Kuan-Lin Yeh MSN,
Melissa A. Kalarchian PhD,
Susan Groth PhD,
Corresponding Author
Yang Yu PhD
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Correspondence
Yang Yu, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorKuan-Lin Yeh MSN
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMelissa A. Kalarchian PhD
School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSusan Groth PhD
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAction Editor: Anja Hilbert
Abstract
Objective
Loss of control (LOC) eating following bariatric surgery remains insufficiently understood, reflected in a lack of clear conceptualization, valid measurements, and effective treatments. This study explored patients' perspectives on LOC eating post-bariatric surgery, focusing on the relevance of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) indicators of impaired control, and patients' experiences before (precipitating factors), during (eating patterns, perpetuating factors), and after the episodes (strategies used to stop eating).
Methods
This was a qualitative study using descriptive phenomenology. Participants were adults who have undergone gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy and self-reported recent LOC eating. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a combined inductive and deductive approach.
Results
Participants were all women (N = 15; age: 34.5 ± 9.2 years). Results suggested that (1) except for feeling disgusted, guilty, or depressed after eating, other DSM-5 indicators did not seem to be highly relevant to this bariatric cohort; (2) LOC eating could occur across contexts, with food access, boredom, and food craving being consistent triggers; (3) the food amount consumed during a LOC episode was not necessarily considered excessive; (4) “mindlessness” and “satisfying hedonic, physiological, and mental needs” were the main perpetuating factors of LOC eating; and (5) self-talk and distracting attention were the most adopted strategies to stop eating.
Discussion
Study findings have implications concerning the conceptualization, measurement, and intervention of LOC eating among bariatric patients. For example, results suggested the need for more data to determine the appropriate indicators of LOC eating and the inclusion of boredom as an intervention target in bariatric patients.
Public Significance
Loss of control (LOC) eating is characterized by a sense of being unable to stop while eating. LOC eating is prevalent in patients who have undergone weight loss surgery and is associated with worse surgical outcomes. This qualitative study that explored post-bariatric surgery patients' experiences of LOC eating will inform efforts to better assess and intervene in this disordered eating behavior, thus ultimately optimizing patients' health following weight loss surgery.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
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