NEUROBIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION IN DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
William K. Silverstein B.M.Sc.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYoshihiro Noda M.D., Ph.D.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorMera S. Barr M.Sc., Ph.D.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorFidel Vila-Rodriguez M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorTarek K. Rajji M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPaul B. Fitzgerald M.B.B.S., M.P.M., Ph.D., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Downar M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorBenoit H. Mulsant M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Vigod M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Reproductive Life Stages Program, Women's Mental Health Program, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorZafiris J. Daskalakis M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel M. Blumberger M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Correspondence to: Daniel M. Blumberger, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen St. W. Unit 4–115, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorWilliam K. Silverstein B.M.Sc.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYoshihiro Noda M.D., Ph.D.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorMera S. Barr M.Sc., Ph.D.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorFidel Vila-Rodriguez M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorTarek K. Rajji M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPaul B. Fitzgerald M.B.B.S., M.P.M., Ph.D., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Downar M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorBenoit H. Mulsant M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Vigod M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Reproductive Life Stages Program, Women's Mental Health Program, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorZafiris J. Daskalakis M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel M. Blumberger M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Correspondence to: Daniel M. Blumberger, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1001 Queen St. W. Unit 4–115, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorGrant sponsor: CAMH Foundation; Grant sponsor: Brain and Behavior Research Foundation; Grant sponsor: NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship; Grant number: 606907; Grant sponsor: Cervel Neurotech; Grant sponsor: Lundbeck; Grant sponsor: ANT Neuro; Grant sponsor: Roche; Grant sponsor: Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF); Grant sponsor: CIHR; Grant sponsor: SickKids Foundation; Grant sponsor: The Ontario Ministry of Long Term Care; Grant sponsor: Brainsway, Ltd.; Grant sponsor: Pfizer and Merck; Grant sponsor: Sepracor, Inc., AstraZeneca; Grant sponsor: The Temerty Family and Grant Family; Grant sponsor: The Campbell Institute.
Abstract
Background
A significant proportion of patients with depression fail to respond to psychotherapy and standard pharmacotherapy, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Due to the significant prevalence of TRD, alternative therapies for depression have emerged as viable treatments in the armamentarium for this disorder. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is now being offered in clinical practice in broader numbers. Many studies have investigated various different neurobiological predictors of response of rTMS. However, a synthesis of this literature and an understanding of what biological targets predict response is lacking. This review aims to systematically synthesize the literature on the neurobiological predictors of rTMS in patients with depression.
Methods
Medline (1996–2014), Embase (1980-2014), and PsycINFO (1806-2014) were searched under set terms. Two authors reviewed each article and came to consensus on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All eligible studies were reviewed, duplicates were removed, and data were extracted individually.
Results
The search identified 1,673 articles, 41 of which met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. Various biological factors at baseline appear to predict response to rTMS, including levels of certain molecular factors, blood flow in brain regions implicated in depression, electrophysiological findings, and specific genetic polymorphisms.
Conclusions
Significant methodological variability in rTMS treatment protocols limits the ability to generalize conclusions. However, response to treatment may be predicted by baseline frontal lobe blood flow, and presence of polymorphisms of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) -1a gene, the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) gene, and Val/Val homozygotes of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.
Supporting Information
Disclaimer: Supplementary materials have been peer-reviewed but not copyedited.
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| da22424-sup-0001-TableS1.docx25 KB | Table S1 |
| da22424-sup-0002-TableS2.docx23 KB | Table S2 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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