Review
Size and Shape of Calcium Alginate Beads Produced by Extrusion Dripping
B.-B. Lee,
P. Ravindra,
E.-S. Chan,
Corresponding Author
B.-B. Lee
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Perlis, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorP. Ravindra
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorE.-S. Chan
Monash University Malaysia, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorB.-B. Lee,
P. Ravindra,
E.-S. Chan,
Corresponding Author
B.-B. Lee
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Perlis, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorP. Ravindra
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorE.-S. Chan
Monash University Malaysia, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Alginate hydrogel beads are widely used as an encapsulation medium for biomedical, bioprocessing, and pharmaceutical applications. The size and shape of the beads are often critically controlled since in many usages the beads are monodisperse in size and spherical in shape. Extrusion dripping is a well-known method to produce alginate beads. Nevertheless, the production of beads of desired size and spherical shape is often achieved based on one's experience or trial and error. An overview is provided on alginate properties, formulation and preparation of alginate and gelling solutions, production conditions, and post-production treatment that may influence the bead size and shape. Various methods of bead size and shape measurement are also discussed.
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