Thermo-oxidative aging of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers
Corresponding Author
Elias Luiz de Souza
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Correspondence
Elias Luiz de Souza, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorMateus de Sousa Zanzi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorKleber Vieira de Paiva
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJorge Luiz Goes Oliveira
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGuilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGabriel Benedet Dutra
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Visualization (lead), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Elias Luiz de Souza
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Correspondence
Elias Luiz de Souza, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorMateus de Sousa Zanzi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorKleber Vieira de Paiva
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJorge Luiz Goes Oliveira
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGuilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGabriel Benedet Dutra
Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Visualization (lead), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This study investigates the effects of aging on the physical and mechanical properties of commercially available acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) gaskets while maintaining their original geometry. Thermo-oxidative cycles with 10 and 70 mm in length specimens were conducted from 80 to 170°C up to 180 days. The samples were analyzed employing compression set (CS), hardness, indentation modulus, cross-link density, total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermogravimetry. The results showed that longer specimens presented better resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. Indentation results indicated regular oxygen permeability into the entire samples up to 110°C, while at higher temperatures, limited diffusion oxidation (DLO) effects promoted non-uniform aging. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Arrhenius methods were applied to predict the specimens' lifetime using CS as a failure criterion. Activation energies for 10 and 70 mm samples were 68.74 and 43.63 kJ mol−1, respectively. Thus, the 70 mm specimen's lifetime was greater than 10 mm. For temperatures below ≈38°C, the response to the thermo-oxidative aging is independent of specimen length. Therefore, in determining the lifetime of gaskets with complex geometry, longer specimens are recommended to provide more reliable results than those suggested by the standards.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest/competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| app53419-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 82.7 KB | Table S1. Mean values of CS (%) ± standard deviation for NBR specimens in lengths of 10 and 70 mm, aged at temperatures of 80 °C, 110 °C, 140 °C, and 170 °C and analyzed in 7 periods of aging for up to 180 days. Based on Turkey's test, different letters mean that the mean values analyzed between the 10 mm and 70 mm specimens are significantly different, assuming a p < 0.05. Figure S1. Normal probability of residuals. Figure S2. Residual behavior versus predicted values. Table S2. Mean values of Hardness (Shore A) ± standard deviation for NBR specimens in lengths of 10 and 70 mm, aged at temperatures of 80 °C, 110 °C, 140 °C, and 170 °C and analyzed in 7 periods of aging for up to 180 days. Based on Turkey's test, different letters mean that the mean values analyzed between the 10 mm and 70 mm specimens are significantly different, assuming a p < 0.05. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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