UV-radiation induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated psyllium
Corresponding Author
Amit Dholakia
Department of Chemistry, Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India
Department of Chemistry, Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India===Search for more papers by this authorJayesh Jivani
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorJignesh Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorKirit Patel
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorHarikrishna Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Amit Dholakia
Department of Chemistry, Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India
Department of Chemistry, Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India===Search for more papers by this authorJayesh Jivani
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorJignesh Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorKirit Patel
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorHarikrishna Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
UV-radiation induced grafting of methyl methacrylate onto sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated psyllium has been carried out using ceric ammonium nitrate as a photoinitiator in an aqueous medium. The reaction variables including concentrations of initiator, nitric acid, monomer, and amount of the backbone as well as time and temperature have been varied for establishing the optimized reaction conditions for grafting. The influence of these reaction conditions on the grafting yields has been discussed. The overall activation energy of grafting has been calculated. The infrared spectroscopic, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopic techniques have been used for the characterization of graft copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
References
- 1 Kumar, K.; Verma, M. J Appl Polym Sci 2007, 103, 1025.
- 2 Fischer, M. H.; Yu, N.; Gray, G. R.; Ralph, J.; Anderson, L.; Marlett, J. A. Carbo Res 2004, 339, 2009.
- 3 Singh, B.; Kumar, K. Iran Polym J 2007, 16, 529.
- 4 Mishra, A.; Rajani, S.; Agrawal, M.; Dubey, R. Polym Bull 2002, 48, 439.
- 5 Mishra, A.; Srinivasan, R.; Gupta, R. Colloid Polym Sci 2003, 281, 187.
- 6 Mishra, A.; Yadav, A.; Agrawal, M.; Rajani, S. Colloid Polym Sci 2004, 282, 300.
- 7 Trivedi, J. H.; Dholakia, A. B.; Patel, K. H.; Trivedi, H. C. Trends Carbo Res 2009, 1, 38.
- 8 Trivedi, J. H.; Kalia, K.; Patel, N. K.; Trivedi, H. C. Carbo Res 2005, 60, 117.
- 9 Patel, V. M.; Parikh, D. N.; Patel, J. V.; Pandy, P. D. J Appl Polym Sci 2006, 102, 3334.
- 10 Joshi, J. M.; Sinha, V. K. Carbo Polym 2007, 67, 427.
- 11 Dholakia, A. B., Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, India. 2010.
- 12 Joshi, H. A., Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, India. 2007.
- 13 Khan, F. Biomacromol 2004, 5, 1078.
- 14 Anancharungsuk, W.; Tanpantree, S.; Sruanganurak, A.; Tangboriboonrat, P. J Appl Polym Sci 2007, 104, 2270.
- 15 Zhengxing, L.; Linge, W.; Yong, H.; J Photochem Photobio A Chem 2007, 9, 190.
- 16 Zhao, Yi.; Chen, Li.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, G.-B. J Appl Polym Sci 2007, 103, 1252.
- 17 Rahman, M. M.; Malik, A. K.; Khan, M. A. J Appl Polym Sci 2007, 105, 3077.
- 18 Gangopadhyay, R.; Ghosh, P. Eur Polym J 2000, 36, 1597.
- 19 El-Sherbiny, I. M.; Smyth, H. D. Carbo Polym 2010, 3, 652.
- 20 El-Sherbiny, I. M.; Smyth, H. D. Carbo Res 2010, 345, 2004.
- 21 Joshi, K. M.; Sinha, V. K.; Patel, C. P.; Trivedi, H. C. Makromol Rep 1995, A-32, 133.
- 22 Trivedi, H. C.; Patel, C. P.; Patel, C. K.; Patel, R. D. Die-Angew Makromol Chemie 1978, 70, 39.
- 23 Thakar, M. D.; Trivedi, H. C. J Appl Polym Sci 2005, 97, 1977.
- 24 Patel, R. G. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, India. 2001.
- 25 Maji, T. K.; Benerjee, A. N. J Appl Polym Sci 1992, 46, 1879.
- 26 Shukla, S. R.; Athalye, A. R. J Appl Polym Sci 1992, 44, 435.
- 27 Lanka, S.; Nayak, P. L. J Appl Polym Sci 1982, 27, 3787.
- 28 Patel, R. G.; Thakar, M. D.; Patel, C. P.; Trivedi, H. C. Trends Carbo Chem 2001, 7, 21.
- 29 Trivedi, J. H.; Bhatt, T. A.; Kalia, K.; Patel, N. K.; Trivedi, H. C. J Polym Mater 2008, 25, 541.
- 30 Hong, K. H.; Liu, N.; Sun, G. Eur Polym J 2009, 45, 2443.
- 31 Leza, M. L.; Casions, I.; Guzman, G. M. Eur Polym J 1989, 25, 1193.
- 32 Trivedi, J. H.; Kalia, K.; Patel, N. K.; Trivedi, H. C. Polym Plast Tech Eng 2005, 44, 407.
- 33 Taghizadeh, M. T.; Khosravy, M. Iran Polym J 2003, 12, 497.
- 34 Patel, M. V.; Patel, S. A.; Ray, A.; Patel, R. M. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2004, 42, 5227.