Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA-Free, Phase-Pure, and Stable α-Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells
Xufeng Ling
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorHongwei Zhu
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorWeidong Xu
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorCheng Liu
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Linfeng Pan
Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Dan Ren
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jianyu Yuan
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Bryon W. Larson
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Carole Grätzel
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad R. Kirmani
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Olivier Ouellette
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anurag Krishna
Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorJianguo Sun
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorChunyang Zhang
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Youyong Li
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jing Gao
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Yuhang Liu
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorProf. James R. Durrant
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Joseph M. Luther
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Wanli Ma
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Michael Grätzel
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorXufeng Ling
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorHongwei Zhu
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorWeidong Xu
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorCheng Liu
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Linfeng Pan
Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Dan Ren
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jianyu Yuan
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Bryon W. Larson
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Carole Grätzel
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad R. Kirmani
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Olivier Ouellette
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anurag Krishna
Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorJianguo Sun
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorChunyang Zhang
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Youyong Li
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jing Gao
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Yuhang Liu
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorProf. James R. Durrant
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Joseph M. Luther
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Wanli Ma
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Michael Grätzel
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Formamidinium (FA)-based additives in precursor solutions suppressed the formation of the undesired δ phase during the crystallization of FAPbI3 perovskites, and heat-induced permeation of 4-tert-butylbenzylammonium iodide (tBBAI) into inner perovskite grains stabilized the α structure. Solar cells assembled from this material exhibited improved power conversion efficiency and stability.
Abstract
α-Formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) is one of the most promising candidate materials for high-efficiency and thermally stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its outstanding optoelectrical properties and high thermal stability. However, achieving a stable form of α-FAPbI3 where both the composition and the phase are pure is very challenging. Herein, we report on a combined strategy of precursor engineering and grain anchoring to successfully prepare methylammonium (MA)-free and phase-pure stable α-FAPbI3 films. The incorporation of volatile FA-based additives in the precursor solutions completely suppresses the formation of non-perovskite δ-FAPbI3 during film crystallization. Grains of the desired α-phase are anchored together and stabilized when 4-tert-butylbenzylammonium iodide is permeated into the α-FAPbI3 film interior via grain boundaries. This cooperative scheme leads to a significantly increased efficiency close to 21 % for FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the stabilized PSCs exhibit improved thermal stability and maintained ≈90 % of their initial efficiency after storage at 50 °C for over 1600 hours.
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