A Unified View on Varied Ultrafast Dynamics of the Primary Process in Microbial Rhodopsins
Dr. Chun-Fu Chang
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Hikaru Kuramochi
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
Present address: Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Manish Singh
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Rei Abe-Yoshizumi
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Tatsuya Tsukuda
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Hideki Kandori
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Tahei Tahara
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Chun-Fu Chang
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Hikaru Kuramochi
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
Present address: Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Manish Singh
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Rei Abe-Yoshizumi
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Tatsuya Tsukuda
Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Hideki Kandori
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Tahei Tahara
Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Varied excited-state relaxation dynamics observed in the primary photoreaction of microbial rhodopsins are the ground-state heterogeneity arising from the acid-base equilibrium of the amino acid residue acting as the counterion of a protonated retinal Schiff base chromophore.
Abstract
All-trans to 13-cis photoisomerization of the protonated retinal Schiff base (PRSB) chromophore is the primary step that triggers various biological functions of microbial rhodopsins. While this ultrafast primary process has been extensively studied, it has been recognized that the relevant excited-state relaxation dynamics differ significantly from one rhodopsin to another. To elucidate the origin of the complicated ultrafast dynamics of the primary process in microbial rhodopsins, we studied the excited-state dynamics of proteorhodopsin, its D97N mutant, and bacteriorhodopsin by femtosecond time-resolved absorption (TA) spectroscopy in a wide pH range. The TA data showed that their excited-state relaxation dynamics drastically change when pH approaches the pKa of the counterion residue of the PRSB chromophore in the ground state. This result reveals that the varied excited-state relaxation dynamics in different rhodopsins mainly originate from the difference of the ground-state heterogeneity (i.e., protonation/deprotonation of the PRSB counterion).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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