Freezing-directed Stretching and Alignment of DNA Oligonucleotides
Dr. Biwu Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorTianyi Wu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorZhicheng Huang
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorYibo Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Juewen Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Biwu Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorTianyi Wu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorZhicheng Huang
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorYibo Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Juewen Liu
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Cold as ice: Freezing DNA oligonucleotides stretches and aligns random coils, as confirmed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, thiazole-orange staining, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This will have interesting implications for biointerface science, biosensors, and DNA nanotechnology.
Abstract
Most single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides are random coils with a persistence length of below 1 nm. So far, no good methods are available to stretch oligonucleotides. Herein, it is shown that freezing can stretch DNA, as confirmed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, thiazole-orange staining, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Lateral inter-strand interactions are critical, and the stretched DNA oligonucleotides are aligned. This work also provides a set of methods for studying frozen oligonucleotides. Upon freezing, DNA oligonucleotides are readily adsorbed onto various nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide, iron oxide, and WS2 via the most thermodynamically stable conformation, leading to more stable conjugates.
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