Hydrolytic Transformation of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks to Hierarchical Micro- and Mesoporous MOFs
Dr. Yonghwi Kim
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Tao Yang
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gyeongwon Yun
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Bagher Ghasemian
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorJaehyoung Koo
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Eunsung Lee
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Sung June Cho
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Kimoon Kim
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/Search for more papers by this authorDr. Yonghwi Kim
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Tao Yang
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gyeongwon Yun
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Bagher Ghasemian
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Search for more papers by this authorJaehyoung Koo
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Eunsung Lee
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Sung June Cho
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 (Republic of Korea)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Kimoon Kim
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784 (Republic of Korea) http://csc.ibs.re.kr/Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Micro- to mesoporous transformation: The microporous metal–organic framework POST-66(Y) was transformed into a hierarchical micro- and mesoporous MOF, POST-66(Y)-wt. The mesopores, with a diameter of 3–20 nm, are easily obtained by simple treatment of POST-66(Y) with water.
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of hierarchical micro- and mesoporous MOFs from microporous MOFs involves a simple hydrolytic post-synthetic procedure. As a proof of concept, a new microporous MOF, POST-66(Y), was synthesized and its transformation into a hierarchical micro- and mesoporous MOF by water treatment was studied. This method produced mesopores in the range of 3 to 20 nm in the MOF while maintaining the original microporous structure, at least in part. The degree of micro- and mesoporosity can be controlled by adjusting the time and temperature of hydrolysis. The resulting hierarchical porous MOF, POST-66(Y)-wt, can be utilized to encapsulate nanometer-sized guests such as proteins, and the enhanced stability and recyclability of an encapsulated enzyme is demonstrated.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| anie_201506391_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf4.5 MB | miscellaneous_information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1
- 1aM. P. Suh, H. J. Park, T. K. Prasad, D.-W. Lim, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 782–835;
- 1bK. Sumida, D. R. Rogow, J. A. Mason, T. M. McDonald, E. D. Bloch, Z. R. Herm, T.-H. Bae, J. R. Long, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 703–723;
- 1cY. He, W. Zhou, G. Qian, B. Chen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5657–5678.
- 2aE. D. Bloch, W. L. Queen, R. Krishna, J. M. Zadrozny, C. M. Brown, J. R. Long, Science 2012, 335, 1606–1610;
- 2bJ.-R. Li, J. Sculley, H.-C. Zhou, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 869–932;
- 2cB. Van de Voorde, B. Bueken, J. Denayer, D. D. Vos, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5766–5788.
- 3aJ. Lee, O. K. Farha, J. Roberts, K. A. Scheidt, S. T. Nguyen, J. T. Hupp, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 1450–1459;
- 3bM. Yoon, R. Srirambalaji, K. Kim, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1196–1231;
- 3cA. Dhakshinamoorthy, H. Garcia, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5750–5765;
- 3dT. Zhang, W. Lin, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5982–5993;
- 3eJ. Liu, L. Chen, H. Cui, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, C.-Y. Su, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 6011–6061.
- 4aK. M. L. Taylor-Pashow, J. D. Rocca, Z. Xie, S. Tran, W. Lin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 14261–14263;
- 4bP. Horcajada, T. Chalati, C. Serre, B. Gillet, C. Sebrie, T. Baati, J. F. Eubank, D. Heurtaux, P. Clayette, C. Kreuz, J.-S. Chang, Y. K. Hwang, V. Marsaud, P.-N. Bories, L. Cynober, S. Gil, G. Férey, P. Couvreur, R. Gref, Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 172–178;
- 4cP. Horcajada, R. Gref, T. Baati, P. K. Allan, G. Maurin, P. Couvreur, G. Férey, R. E. Morris, C. Serre, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1232–1268.
- 5
- 5aL. E. Kreno, K. Leong, O. K. Farha, M. Allendorf, R. P. Van Duyne, J. T. Hupp, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1105–1125;
- 5bZ. Hu, B. J. Deibert, J. Li, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5815–5840;
- 5cP. Ramaswamy, N. E. Wong, G. K. H. Shimizu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5913–5932;
- 5dP. Falcaro, R. Ricco, C. M. Doherty, K. Liang, A. J. Hill, M. J. Styles, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5513–5560.
- 6
- 6aM. Eddaoudi, J. Kim, D. T. Vodak, A. C. Sudik, J. Wachter, M. O’Keeffe, O. M. Yaghi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 4900–4904;
- 6bJ. J. Perry IV, J. A. Perman, M. J. Zaworotko, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 1400–1417;
- 6cM. O’Keeffe, O. M. Yaghi, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 675–702;
- 6dW. Lu, Z. Wei, Z.-Y. Gu, T.-F. Liu, J. Park, J. Park, J. Tian, M. Zhang, Q. Zhang, T. Gentle III, M. Bosch, H.-C. Zhou, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5561–5593.
- 7
- 7aX.-S. Wang, S. Ma, D. Sun, S. Parkin, H.-C. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 16474–16475;
- 7bY. K. Park, S. B. Choi, H. Kim, K. Kim, B.-H. Won, K. Choi, J.-S. Choi, W.-S. Ahn, N. Won, S. Kim, D. H. Jung, S.-H. Choi, G.-H. Kim, S.-S. Cha, Y. H. Jhon, J. K. Yang, J. Kim, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8230–8233; Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 8378–8381;
- 7cK. Koh, A. G. Wong-Foy, A. J. Matzger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 677–680; Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 689–692;
- 7dH. Furukawa, N. Ko, Y. B. Go, N. Aratani, S. B. Choi, E. Choi, A. O. Yazaydin, R. Q. Snurr, M. O’Keeffe, J. Kim, O. M. Yaghi, Science 2010, 329, 424–428;
- 7eW. Xuan, C. Zhu, Y. Liu, Y. Cui, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 1677–1695.
- 8D. Bradshaw, S. El-Hankari, L. Lupica-Spagnolo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5431–5443.
- 9
- 9aH. Deng, S. Grunder, K. E. Cordova, C. Valente, H. Furukawa, M. Hmadeh, F. Gándara, A. C. Whalley, Z. Liu, S. Asahina, H. Kazumori, M. O’Keeffe, O. Terasaki, J. F. Stoddart, O. M. Yaghi, Science 2012, 336, 1018–1023;
- 9bD. Feng, T.-F. Liu, J. Su, M. Bosch, Z. Wei, W. Wan, D. Yuan, Y.-P. Chen, X. Wang, K. Wang, X. Lian, Z.-Y. Gu, J. Park, X. Zou, H.-C. Zhou, Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 5979.
- 10aL.-G. Qiu, T. Xu, Z.-Q. Li, W. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Jiang, X.-Y. Tian, L.-D. Zhang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 9487–9491; Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 9629–9633;
- 10bY. Zhao, J. Zhang, B. Han, J. Song, J. Li, Q. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 636–639; Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 662–665;
- 10cL.-B. Sun, J.-R. Li, J. Park, H.-C. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 126–129;
- 10dJ. Reboul, S. Furukawa, N. Horike, M. Tsotsalas, K. Hirai, H. Uehara, M. Kondo, N. Louvain, O. Sakata, S. Kitagawa, Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 717–723.
- 11aJ. Park, Z. U. Wang, L.-B. Sun, Y.-P. Chen, H.-C. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 20110–20116;
- 11bH. Wu, Y. S. Chua, V. Krungleviciute, M. Tyagi, P. Chen, T. Yildirim, W. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10525–10532;
- 11cG. Barin, V. Krungleviciute, O. Gutov, J. T. Hupp, T. Yildirim, O. K. Farha, Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 6914–6919;
- 11dZ. Fang, J. P. Dürholt, M. Kauer, W. Zhang, C. Lochenie, B. Jee, B. Albada, N. Metzler-Nolte, A. Pöppl, B. Weber, M. Muhler, Y. Wang, R. Schmid, R. A. Fischer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 9627–9636.
- 12
- 12aM. R. Lohe, M. Rose, S. Kaskel, Chem. Commun. 2009, 6056–6058;
- 12bY. Yue, Z.-A. Qiao, P. F. Fulvio, A. J. Binder, C. Tian, J. Chen, K. M. Nelson, X. Zhu, S. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 9572–9575;
- 12cL. Li, S. Xiang, S. Cao, J. Zhang, G. Ouyang, L. Chen, C.-Y. Su, Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1774;
- 12dL. Peng, J. Zhang, Z. Xue, B. Han, X. Sang, C. Liu, G. Yang, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5465.
- 13
- 13aK. K. Tanabe, Z. Wang, S. M. Cohen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8508–8517;
- 13bS. M. Cohen, Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 970–1000.
- 14
- 14aS. Das, H. Kim, K. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3814–3815;
- 14bY. Kim, S. Das, S. Bhattacharya, S. Hong, M. G. Kim, M. Yoon, S. Natarajan, K. Kim, Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 16642–16648;
- 14cB. J. Burnett, P. M. Barron, C. Hu, W. Choe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 9984–9987;
- 14dM. Kim, J. F. Cahill, Y. Su, K. A. Prather, S. M. Cohen, Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 126–130;
- 14eO. Karagiaridi, W. Bury, J. E. Mondloch, J. T. Hupp, O. K. Farha, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4530–4540; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 4618–4628;
- 14fC. K. Brozek, M. Dinca, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5456–5467;
- 14gP. Deria, J. E. Mondloch, O. Karagiaridi, W. Bury, J. T. Hupp, O. K. Farha, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5896–5912.
- 15
- 15aV. Valtchev, G. Majano, S. Mintova, J. Pérez-Ramírez, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 263–290;
- 15bI. I. Ivanova, E. E. Knyazeva, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 3671–3688;
- 15cD. P. Serrano, J. M. Escola, P. Pizarro, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 4004–4035.
- 16B. Tu, Q. Pang, D. Wu, Y. Song, L. Weng, Q. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 14465–14471.
- 17http://rcsr.anu.edu.au/nets/reo.
- 18Void space and density are calculated with framework structure of POST-66(Y) from the X-ray analysis using PLATON software:
- 18aA. L. Spek, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 1990, 46, C 34;
- 18bA. L. Spek, PLATON, A Multipurpose Crystallographic Tool, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 1998.
- 19
- 19aK. S. W. Sing, D. H. Everett, R. A. W. Haul, L. Moscou, R. A. Pierotti, J. Rouquérol, T. Siemieniewska, Pure Appl. Chem. 1985, 57, 603–619;
- 19bP. Schneider, Appl. Catal. A 1995, 129, 157–165.
- 20
- 20aK. Tan, N. Nijem, P. Canepa, Q. Gong, J. Li, T. Thonhauser, Y. J. Chabal, Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 3153–3167;
- 20bJ. J. Low, A. I. Benin, P. Jakubczak, J. F. Abrahamian, S. A. Faheem, R. R. Willis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 15834–15842.
- 21F. Vermoortele, B. Bueken, G. Le Bars, B. Van de Voorde, M. Vandichel, K. Houthoofd, A. Vimont, M. Daturi, M. Waroquier, V. Van Speybroeck, C. Kirschhock, D. E. De Vos, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11465–11468.
