The Tungstogermanate [Ce20Ge10W100O376(OH)4(H2O)30]56−: A Polyoxometalate Containing 20 Cerium(III) Atoms†
Bassem S. Bassil
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorMichael H. Dickman Dr.
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorIsabella Römer
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorBernd von der Kammer
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorUlrich Kortz Prof.
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorBassem S. Bassil
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorMichael H. Dickman Dr.
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorIsabella Römer
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorBernd von der Kammer
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorUlrich Kortz Prof.
Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany, Fax: (+49) 421-200-3229
Search for more papers by this authorU.K. thanks Jacobs University for research support. I.R. is thankful for financial support from the Nanomolecular Science graduate program at Jacobs University. We thank Can F. Bilgin for preparing the cover art. Figures 1–3 were generated by Diamond Version 3.1e (Crystal Impact GbR).
Graphical Abstract
Big W: One of the largest polytungstates, the 20 cerium(III) atom tungstogermanate [Ce20Ge10W100O376(OH)4(H2O)30]56− (1), has been synthesized from CeIII ions and [α-GeW9O34]10− in aqueous acidic medium at pH 5.0. Polyanion 1 represents the first lanthanide-substituted tungstogermanate and can be described as a dimer that is linked through long CeO(W) bridges.
References
- 1
- 1aJ. Berzelius, Poggendorff's Ann. Phys. 1826, 6, 369;
10.1002/andp.18260820402 Google Scholar
- 1bJ. F. Keggin, Nature 1933, 131, 908–909;
- 1cJ. F. Keggin, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1934, 144, 75–77;
- 1dM. T. Pope, Heteropoly and Isopoly Oxometalates, Springer, Berlin, 1983.
10.1007/978-3-662-12004-0 Google Scholar
- 2
- 2a Polyoxometalates: from Platonic Solids to Anti Retroviral Activity (Eds.: ), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1994;
- 2bChem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1–389 (Special Thematic Issue on Polyoxometalates);
- 2c Polyoxometalate Chemistry: From Topology via Self-Assembly to Applications (Eds.: ), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2001; Polyoxometalate Chemistry for Nano-Composite Design (Eds.: ), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002;
- 2dM. T. Pope, Compr. Coord. Chem. II 2003, 4, 635–678;
- 2eC. L. Hill, Compr. Coord. Chem. II 2003, 4, 679–759;
10.1016/B0-08-043748-6/03036-X Google Scholar
- 2f Polyoxometalate Molecular Science (Eds.: ), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004;
- 2gN. Casan-Pastor, P. Gomez-Romero, Front. Biosci. 2004, 9, 1759–1770.
- 3
- 3aC. Zhang, R. C. Howell, K. B. Scotland, F. G. Perez, L. Todaro, L. C. Francesconi, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 7691–7701;
- 3bR. C. Howell, F. G. Perez, S. Jain, W. D. Horrocks, Jr., A. L. Rheingold, L. C. Francesconi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 4155–4158;
10.1002/1521-3757(20011105)113:21<4155::AID-ANGE4155>3.0.CO;2-R Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4031–4034.10.1002/1521-3773(20011105)40:21<4031::AID-ANIE4031>3.0.CO;2-8 CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 4Recent examples:
- 4aF. Li, L. Xu, Y. Wei, G. Gao, L. Fan, Z. Li, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2006, 359, 3795–3799;
- 4bC. Boglio, G. Lenoble, C. Duhayon, B. Hasenknopf, R. Thouvenot, C. Zhang, R. C. Howell, B. P. Burton-Pye, L. C. Francesconi, E. Lacote, S. Thorimbert, M. Malacria, C. Afonso, J. C. Tabet, Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 1389–1398;
- 4cC. Zhang, L. Bensaid, D. McGregor, X. Fang, R. C. Howell, B. Burton-Pye, Q. Luo, L. Todaro, L. C. Francesconi, J. Cluster Sci. 2006, 17, 389–425;
- 4dP. Mialane, A. Dolbecq, E. Rivière, J. Marrot, F. Sécheresse, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 33–36;
- 4eN. Belai, M. H. Dickman, M. T. Pope, R. Contant, B. Keita, I. Mbomekalle, L. Nadjo, Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 169–171;
- 4fC. Zhang, R. C. Howell, D. McGregor, L. Bensaid, S. Rahyab, M. Nayshtut, S. Lekperic, L. C. Francesconi, C. R. Chim. 2005, 8, 1035;
- 4gC. Zhang, R. C. Howell, Q. H. Luo, H. L. Fieselmann, L. Todaro, L. C. Francesconi, Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 3569–3578.
- 5K. Wassermann, M. H. Dickman, M. T. Pope, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1513–1516;
10.1002/ange.19971091311 Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1445–1448.
- 6R. C. Howell, F. G. Perez, S. Jain, W. D. Horrocks, Jr., A. L. Rheingold, L. C. Francesconi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 4155–4158;
10.1002/1521-3757(20011105)113:21<4155::AID-ANGE4155>3.0.CO;2-R Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4031–4034.10.1002/1521-3773(20011105)40:21<4031::AID-ANIE4031>3.0.CO;2-8 CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 7G. L. Xue, J. Vaissermann, P. Gouzerh, J. Cluster Sci. 2002, 13, 409–421.
- 8K. Fukaya, T. Yamase, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 678–682; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 654–658.
- 9
- 9aU. Kortz, C. Holzapfel, M. Reicke, J. Mol. Struct. 2003, 656, 93–100;
- 9bU. Kortz, J. Cluster Sci. 2003, 14, 205–214;
- 9cB. S. Bassil, M. H. Dickman, B. von der Kammer, U. Kortz, Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46, 2452–2458.
- 10
- 10aG. Hervé, A. Tézé, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 2115–2117;
- 10bA. Tézé, G. Hervé, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1977, 39, 999–1002;
- 10cA. Tézé, G. Hervé, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1977, 39, 2151–2154.
- 11Crystal data for Cs28Na28[Ce20Ge10W100O376(OH)4(H2O)30]⋅n H2O (n≈180; CsNa-1): A yellow rod of CsNa-1 with dimensions 0.17×0.03×0.03 mm3 was mounted in a Hampton cryoloop for indexing and intensity data collection at 173 K on a Bruker D8 APEX II CCD single-crystal diffractometer (MoKα radiation, λ=0.71073 Å). Of the 331 397 reflections collected (2θmax=41.6°, 99.4 % complete), 27 826 were unique (Rint=0.278) and 16 425 reflections were considered observed (I>2σ(I)). Routine Lorentz and polarization corrections were applied, and an absorption correction was performed using the SADABS program (G. M. Sheldrick, Siemens Analytical X-ray Instrument Division: Madison, WI, 1995). Direct methods were used to locate the tungsten and cerium atoms (SHELXS-97). Then the remaining atoms were found from successive Fourier maps (SHELXL-97). The final cycle of refinement, including the atomic coordinates, anisotropic thermal parameters (W, Ce, Ge, and Cs atoms), and isotropic thermal parameters (O and Na atoms) converged at R=0.069 (I>2σ(I)) and Rw=0.212 (all data). Residual electron density min./max.: −2.85 e Å−3/3.98 e Å−3 (0.74 Å from O34W/0.88 Å from Cs5). Further details on the crystal structure investigations may be obtained from the Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (fax: (+49) 7247-808-666; e-mail: [email protected]), on quoting the depository number CSD-391392.
- 12To resolve this issue, we are planning size-exclusion chromatography and electrochemistry experiments. Furthermore, we will make use of laser-light scattering, which should also shed light on the question of whether 1 and/or 1 a form the supramolecular, spherical agglomerates called “blackberries” in solution (see G. Liu, T. Liu, S. S. Mal, U. Kortz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 10103–10110).
- 13U. Kortz, F. Hussain, M. Reicke, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 3839–3843; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3773–3777.
- 14A. Tézé, G. Hervé, Inorg. Synth. 1990, 27, 85.
- 15B. S. Bassil, M. H. Dickman, U. Kortz, Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 2394–2396.
- 16U. Kortz, S. Matta, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 815–817.
- 17N. H. Nsouli, B. S. Bassil, M. H. Dickman, U. Kortz, B. Keita, L. Nadjo, Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 3858- 3860.
- 18I. D. Brown, D. Altermatt, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 1985, 41, 244–247.