In Situ Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Styrene Oxidation over TS-1 Zeolites†
Jianqin Zhuang Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, GCC/Z–M301, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorGang Yang
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDing Ma Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK, Fax: (+44) 117-925-1295
Search for more papers by this authorXijie Lan
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXiumei Liu
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXiuwen Han Prof.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXinhe Bao Prof. Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorUlrich Mueller Dr.
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, GCC/Z–M301, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJianqin Zhuang Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, GCC/Z–M301, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorGang Yang
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDing Ma Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK, Fax: (+44) 117-925-1295
Search for more papers by this authorXijie Lan
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXiumei Liu
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXiuwen Han Prof.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXinhe Bao Prof. Dr.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorUlrich Mueller Dr.
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, GCC/Z–M301, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorFinancial support from the National Natural Science Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dr. R. Hong and X. Ruan for helpful discussions and K. Perkin for his kind help in composing this paper.
Graphical Abstract
Competing reactions, not consecutive processes, are the oxidation of styrene to styrene epoxide and the formation of phenylacetaldehyde (PADH). In situ NMR and EPR spectroscopic analysis of styrene oxidation on TS-1 zeolite (see picture) demonstrated that Brønsted acid sites provide the active centers needed to transform an intermediate hemiacetal species into PADH.
Supporting Information
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z461113_s.pdf or from the author.
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1
- 1aD. R. C. Huybrechts, L. De Braycker, P. A. Jacobs, Nature 1990, 345, 240;
- 1bM. G. Clerici, P. Ingallina, J. Catal. 1993, 140, 71;
- 1cJ. Q. Zhuang, D. Ma, Z. M. Yan, X. M. Liu, X. Han, X. Bao, Y. Zhang, X. Guo, X. Wang, Appl. Catal. A 2004, 258, 1;
- 1dA. Thangaraj, R. Kumar, P. Ratnasamy, J. Catal. 1991, 131, 294;
- 1eA. Thangaraj, S. Sivasanker, P. Ratnasamy, J. Catal. 1991, 131, 394.
- 2aM. Taramasso, G. Perego, B. Notari, US Patent 4410501, 1983;
- 2bG. Tozzola, M. A. Mantegazza, G. Ranghino, G. Petrini, S. Bordiga, G. Ricchiardi, C. Lamberti, R. Zulian, A. Zecchina, J. Catal. 1998, 179, 64;
- 2cG. N. Vayssilov, Catal. Rev. 1997, 39, 209;
- 2dS. Bordiga, A. Damin, F. Bonino, G. Ricchiardi, C. Lamberti, A. Zecchina, Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 4928;
10.1002/ange.200290031 Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 4734;
- 2eP. E. Sinclair, C. R. A. Catlow, J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 1084;
- 2fP. F. Henry, M. T. Weller, C. C. Wilson, J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 7452.
- 3
- 3aS. B. Kumar, S. P. Mirajkar, G. C. G. Pais, P. Kumar, J. Catal. 1995, 156, 163;
- 3bM. A. Uguina, D. P. Serrano, R. Sanz, J. L. G. Fierro, M. Lopez Granados, R. Mariscal, Catal. Today 2000, 61, 263.
- 4
- 4aS. L. Laha, R. Kumar, J. Catal. 2001, 204, 64;
- 4bG. Bellussi, A. Carati, M. G. Clerici, G. Maddinelli, R. Millini, J. Catal. 1992, 133, 220.
- 5G. R. Wang, B. Wang, X. F. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, H. O. Liu, X. W. Guo, X. S. Wang, J. Dalian Univ. Technol. 2000, 40, 160.
- 6W. Y. Lin, H. Frei, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9292.
- 7M. Hunger, J. Weitkamp, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 3040;
10.1002/1521-3757(20010817)113:16<3040::AID-ANGE3040>3.0.CO;2-1 Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2954.10.1002/1521-3773(20010817)40:16<2954::AID-ANIE2954>3.0.CO;2-# CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 8aC. A. Fyfe, Y. Feng, H. Grondey, G. T. Kokotailo, H. Gies, Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1525;
- 8bI. I. Ivanova, E. G. Derouane, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1994, 85, 357.
- 9
- 9aE. Karlsen, K. Schoffel, Catal. Today 1996, 32, 107;
- 9bM. Neurock, L. E. Manzer, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1133.
- 10
- 10aD. Srinivas, P. Manikandan, S. C. Laha, R. Kumar, P. Ratnasamy, J. Catal. 2003, 217, 160;
- 10bS. C. Laha, R. Kumar, J. Catal. 2002, 208, 339.
- 11J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977, p. 804.
- 12G. Sanker, J. M. Thomas, C. R. A. Catlow, C. M. Barker, D. Gleeson, N. Kaltsoyannis, J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 9028.
- 13Q. Zhao, X. H. Bao, Y. Wang, L. W. Lin, G. Li, X. W. Guo, X. S. Wang, J. Mol. Catal. A 2000, 157, 265.
- 14B. Notari, Adv. Catal. 1996, 41, 253.
- 15F. Geobaldo, S. Bordiga, A. Zecchina, E. Giamello, G. Leofanti, G. Petrini, Catal. Lett. 1992, 16, 109.
- 16J. Q. Zhuang, D. Ma, Z. M. Yan, F. Deng, X. M. Liu, X. W. Han, X. H. Bao, X. Wu Liu, X. Guo, X. Wang, J. Catal. 2004, 221, 670.
