Volume 58, Issue 7 pp. 715-729
Research Article

Risk of cancer among firefighters in California, 1988–2007

Rebecca J. Tsai PhD

Rebecca J. Tsai PhD

Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio

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Sara E. Luckhaupt MD, MPH

Sara E. Luckhaupt MD, MPH

Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio

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Pam Schumacher

Pam Schumacher

Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio

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Rosemary D. Cress PhD

Rosemary D. Cress PhD

Public Health Institute, Cancer Registry of Greater California, Sacramento, California

Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California

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Dennis M. Deapen DrPHGeoffrey M. Calvert MD, MPH

Geoffrey M. Calvert MD, MPH

Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio

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First published: 06 May 2015
Citations: 105

Correspondence to: Rebecca J. Tsai, PhD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226. E-mail: [email protected]

Disclaimers: The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Center for Health Statistics, the State of California, Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their Contractors and Subcontractors is not intended nor should be inferred.
Conflict of interest: All authors are federal or state government employees and preparation of this manuscript was completely funded by the US Government. Otherwise, no additional financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper.
Author Contribution Statement: All authors contributed to the conception, acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. Additionally, all authors were involved in reviewing and revising this manuscript for intellectual content, approving the final manuscript, and agreeing to account for all aspects of this manuscript.
The study was conducted at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

Abstract

Background

Most studies of firefighter cancer risks were conducted prior to 1990 and do not reflect risk from advances in building materials.

Methods

A case–control study using California Cancer Registry data (1988–2007) was conducted to evaluate the risk of cancer among firefighters, stratified by race.

Results

This study identified 3,996 male firefighters with cancer. Firefighters were found to have a significantly elevated risk for melanoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.1), multiple myeloma (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.0–1.8), acute myeloid leukemia (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.0–2.0), and cancers of the esophagus (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.2–2.1), prostate (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.3–1.7), brain (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.2–2.0), and kidney (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0–1.6).

Conclusions

In addition to observing cancer findings consistent with previous research, this study generated novel findings for firefighters with race/ethnicity other than white. It provides additional evidence to support the association between firefighting and several specific cancers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:715–729, 2015. © 2015 This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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