Adaptive output regulation for offshore managed pressure drilling
Corresponding Author
Hessam Mahdianfar
Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University Of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Correspondence to: Hessam Mahdianfar, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University Of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAlexey Pavlov
Department of Advanced Wells and Enhanced Oil Recovery, Statoil Research, Porsgrunn, N-3905 Norway
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hessam Mahdianfar
Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University Of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Correspondence to: Hessam Mahdianfar, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University Of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAlexey Pavlov
Department of Advanced Wells and Enhanced Oil Recovery, Statoil Research, Porsgrunn, N-3905 Norway
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This paper deals with output regulation problem for an offshore managed pressure drilling system subject to sinusoidal disturbances. The disturbance is caused by the heave motion of the floating drilling rig during pipe connections, and the objective is to maintain a constant pressure at the bottom of the well. The controller for the heave disturbance attenuation consists of three cascaded parts. First, a nonlinear inversion element is applied to invert nonlinearity of choke. Second, an adaptive compensator is designed based on internal model, and certainty equivalence principles for asymptotic rejection of time-varying heave disturbance. Third, an output feedback controller is synthesized for providing stability and improving transient performance of closed-loop system. Robust stability of closed-loop system is analyzed using edge theorem. Simulation results of the combined adaptive output regulator are presented, which show satisfactory set-point tracking and attenuation of the heave disturbance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
References
- 1 Macondo well-deepwater horizon blowout: lessons for offshore drilling safety. Committee for Analysis of Causes of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion, Fire, and Oil Spill to Identify Measures to Prevent Similar Accidents to the Future. Technical Report, National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
- 2Rehm B, Schubert J, Haghshenas A, Paknejad AS, Hughes J Managed Pressure Drilling. Gulf Publishing Company, 2008.
- 3van Riet E, Reitsma D, Vandecraen B Development and testing of a fully automated system to accurately control downhole pressure during drilling operations. SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition: 85310-MS, The Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2003.
- 4Fredericks P, Reitsma D, Runggai T, Hudson N, Zaeper R, Backhaus O, Hernandez M Successful implementation of first closed loop, multiservice control system for automated pressure management in a shallow gas well offshore myanmar. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, 112651-MS, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Florida, USA, 2008.
- 5Iversen F, Cayeux E, Dvergsnes EW, Ervik R, Welmer M, Balov MK. Offshore field test of a new system for model integrated closed-loop drilling control. SPE Drilling & Completion 2009; 24(4): 518–530.
- 6Petersen J, Rommetveit R, Bjørkevoll KS, Frøyen J A general dynamic model for single and multi-phase flow operations during drilling, completion, well control and intervention. IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, 114688-MS, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2008.
- 7Downton G Challenges of modeling drilling systems for the purposes of automation and control. IFAC Workshop on Automatic Control in Offshore Oil and Gas Production, Vol. 1, IFAC, Trondheim, Norway, 2012; 201–210.
- 8Landet IS, Mahdianfar H, Aarsnes UJF, Pavlov A, Aamo OM Modeling for mpd operations with experimental validation. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition: SPE-150461, Society of Petroleum Engineers, San Diego, California, 2012.
- 9Zhou J, Stamnes ØN, Aamo OM, Kaasa GO. Switched control for pressure regulation and kick attenuation in a managed pressure drilling system. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 2011; 19(2): 337–350.
- 10Zhou J, Nygaard G. Automatic model-based control scheme for stabilizing pressure during dual-gradient drilling. Journal of Process Control 2011; 21(8): 1138–1147.
- 11Carlsen LA, Nygaard G, Nikolaou M. Evaluation of control methods for drilling operations with unexpected gas influx. Journal of Process Control 2013; 23(3): 306–316.
- 12Mahdianfar H, Pavlov A, Aamo OM Joint unscented kalman filter for state and parameter estimation in managed pressure drilling. IEEE European Control Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 2013; 1645–1650.
- 13Hannegan D. Health, safety and environmental benefits of managed pressure drilling on offshore high pressure-high temperature wells. Exploration Production - Oil Gas Review 2012; 10(1): 74–82.
- 14Skalle P, Podio AL Trends extracted from 800 gulf coast blowouts during 1960–1996. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, 39354-MS, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, Texas, 1998.
- 15Mahdianfar H, Aamo OM, Pavlov A Suppression of heave-induced pressure fluctuations in mpd. Proceedings of the 2012 IFAC Workshop on Automatic Control in Offshore Oil and Gas Production, Vol. 1, IFAC, Trondheim, Norway, 2012; 239–244.
- 16Pavlov A, Kaasa GO, Imsland L Experimental disturbance rejection on a full-scale drilling rig. 8th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems: IFAC: University of Bologna, Italy, 2010; 1338–1343.
- 17Mahdianfar H, Aamo OM, Pavlov A Attenuation of heave-induced pressure oscillations in offshore drilling systems. American Control Conference (ACC), IEEE, Montréal, Canada, 2012; 4915–4920.
- 18Landet IS, Pavlov A, Aamo OM, Mahdianfar H Control of heave-induced pressure fluctuations in managed pressure drilling. American Control Conference (ACC): IEEE, Montréal, Canada, 2012; 2270–2275.
- 19Landet IS, Pavlov A, Aamo OM Modeling and control of heave-induced pressure fluctuations in managed pressure drilling. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2012; 1340–1351.
- 20Nikoofard A, Johansen TA, Mahdianfar H, Pavlov A Constrained mpc design for heave disturbance attenuation in offshore drilling systems. IEEE/MTS OCEANS: IEEE, Bergen, Norway, 2013; 1–7.
- 21Nikoofard A, Johansen TA, Mahdianfar H, Pavlov A. Design and comparison of constrained mpc with pid controller for heave disturbance attenuation in offshore managed pressure drilling systems. Marine Technology Society (MTS) 2014; 48(2): 90–103.
- 22Albert A, Aamo OM, Godhavn M, Pavlov A Disturbance rejection by feedback control in offshore drilling: experimental results. IFAC conference: IFAC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2014; 7923–7928.
- 23Mahdianfar H, Hovakimyan N, Pavlov A, Aamo OM Robust regulation of heave-induced pressure oscillations in offshore mpd. 2nd IFAC Workshop on Automatic Control in Offshore Oil and Gas Production: IFAC, Florianópolis, Brazil, 2015; 112–119.
- 24Mahdianfar H, Hovakimyan N, Pavlov A, Aamo OM. L1 adaptive output regulator design with application to managed pressure drilling. Journal of Process Control 2016; 42: 1–13.
- 25Hernandez M, MacNeill D, Reeves M, Kirkwood A, Lemke S, Ruszka J, Zaeper R High-speed wired drillstring telemetry network delivers increased safety, efficiency, reliability and productivity to the drilling industry. SPE Indian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition: 113157-MS, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Mumbai, India, 2008.
- 26Isidori A, Marconi L, Serrani A. Robust autonomous guidance; an internal model approach. Springer: Advances in Industrial Control, 2003.
10.1007/978-1-4471-0011-9 Google Scholar
- 27Pavlov A, Wouw N, Nijmeijer H. Uniform output regulation of nonlinear systems: a convergent dynamics approach. In Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications. Springer: Birkhäuser Basel, 2006.
10.1007/0-8176-4465-2 Google Scholar
- 28Francis B, Wonham W. The internal model principle of control theory. Automatica 1976; 12(5): 457–465.
- 29Davison EJ. The robust control of a servomechanism problem for linear time-invariant multivariable systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1976; 21(1): 25–34.
- 30Francis BA. The linear multivariable regulator problem. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 1977; 15(3): 486–505.
- 31Wonham WM Linear Multivariable Control, A Geometric Approach, Applications of Mathematics (3rd edn.), Vol. 10. Springer: New York, USA, 1985.
10.1007/978-1-4612-1082-5 Google Scholar
- 32Bengtsson G. Output regulation and internal models—a frequency domain approach. Automatica 1977; 13(4): 333–345.
- 33Cheng L, Pearson JB. Frequency domain synthesis of multivariable linear regulators. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1978; 23(1): 3–15.
- 34Abedor J, Nagpal K, Khargonekar P, Poolla K. Robust regulation in the presence of norm-bounded uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1995; 40(1): 147–153.
- 35Stoorvogel AA, Saberi A, Sannuti P. Performance with regulation constraints. Automatica 2000; 36(10): 1443–1456.
- 36Köroǧlu H, Scherer CW. An lmi approach to h∞ synthesis subject to almost asymptotic regulation constraints. Systems & Control Letters 2008; 57(4): 300–308.
- 37Köroǧlu H, Scherer CW. Generalized asymptotic regulation with guaranteed h2 performance: an lmi solution. Automatica 2009; 45(3): 823–829.
- 38Byrnes CI, Laukó IG, Gilliam DS, Shubov VI. Output regulation for linear distributed parameter systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2000; 45(12): 2236–2252.
- 39Byrnes CI, Gilliam DS, Shubov VI Geometric theory of output regulation for linear distributed parameter systems. Research Directions in Distributed Parameter Systems, Frontiers in Applied Mathematics, vol. 27, Smith RC, Demetriou MA (eds.). SIAM, Philadelphia, USA, 2003; 139–167.
- 40Köroǧlu H, Scherer CW. Scheduled control for robust attenuation of non-stationary sinusoidal disturbances with measurable frequencies. Automatica 2011; 47(3): 504–514.
- 41Marino R, Tomei P. Output regulation for linear systems via adaptive internal model. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2003; 48(12): 2199–2202.
- 42Marino R, Santosuosso GL. Regulation of linear systems with unknown exosystems of uncertain order. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2007; 52(2): 352–359.
- 43Marino R, Tomei P. Disturbance cancellation for linear systems by adaptive internal models. Automatica 2013; 49(5): 1494–1500.
- 44Obregón-Pulido G, Castillo-Toledo B, Loukianov AG. A structurally stable globally adaptive internal model regulator for mimo linear systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2011; 56(1): 160–165.
- 45Nikiforov VO Adaptive controller rejecting uncertain deterministic disturbances in siso systems. Proceedings of European Control Conference, Bruxelles, 1997; 1207–1212.
- 46Nikiforov VO. Adaptive servomechanism controller with an implicit reference model. International Journal of Control 1997; 68(2): 277–286.
- 47Bodson M, Douglas SC. Adaptive algorithms for the rejection of sinusoidal disturbances with unknown frequency. Automatica 1997; 33(12): 2213–2221.
- 48Marino R, Santosuosso G, Tomei P. Robust adaptive compensation of biased sinusoidal disturbances with unknown frequency. Automatica 2003; 39(10): 1755–1761.
- 49Scherer C, Gahinet P, Chilali M. Multiobjective output-feedback control via lmi optimization. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1997; 42(7): 896–911.
- 50Dahleh M, Pearson JJ. L1 optimal compensators for continuous-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1987; 32(10): 889–895.
- 51Boyd S, Ghaoui LE, Feron E, Balakrishnan V Linear matrix inequalities in system and control theory, studies in applied mathematics. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Vol. 15, Philadelphia, USA, 1994; 203 pp.
- 52Abedor J, Nagpal K, Poolla K. A linear matrix inequality approach to peak-to-peak gain minimization. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 1998; 6(9-10): 899–927.
- 53Lofberg J Yalmip : a toolbox for modeling and optimization in matlab. IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design: IEEE, Taipei, 2004; 284–289.
- 54 MOSEK. Mosek 7, software for large-scale lp, qp, socp, sdp and mip, 2014. (Available from:https://mosek.com/).
- 55Bartlett AC, Hollot CV, Lin H. Root locations of an entire polytope of polynomials: it suffices to check the edges. Mathematics of Control, Signals and Systems 1988; 1(1): 61–71.
10.1007/BF02551236 Google Scholar
- 56Bittanti S, Savaresi SM. On the parametrization and design of an extended kalman filter frequency tracker. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2000; 45(9): 1718–1724.
- 57Obregón-Pulido G, Castillo-Toledo B, Loukianov A. A globally convergent estimator for n-frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2002; 47(5): 857–863.
- 58Hou M. Parameter identification of sinusoids. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2012; 57(2): 467–472.
- 59Fossen TI. Handbook of marine craft hydrodynamics and motion control. John Wiley & Sons: West Sussex, United Kingdom, 2011.
10.1002/9781119994138 Google Scholar
- 60Aldred W, Cook J, Bern P, Carpenter B, Hutchinson M, Lovell J, Rezmer-Cooper I. Using downhole annular pressure measurements to improve drilling performance. Oilfield Review, Winter, 1998; 40–55.
- 61Jellison MJ, Hall DR, Howard DC, Hall HT Jr., Long RC, Chandler RB, Pixton DS. Telemetry drill pipe: enabling technology for the downhole internet. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference: SPE-79885-MS, Society of Petroleum Engineers: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2003.
- 62Kuechler S, Eberharter JK, Langer K, Schneider K, Sawodny O. Heave motion estimation of a vessel using acceleration measurements. Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress, Vol. 18, IFAC, Milano, Italy, 2011; 14742–14747.
- 63Kuchler S, Mahl T, Neupert J, Schneider K, Sawodny O. Active control for an offshore crane using prediction of the vessel's motion. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 2011; 16(2): 297–309.
- 64Särkkä S. On unscented kalman filtering for state estimation of continuous-time nonlinear systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2007; 52(9): 1631–1641.
- 65van der Merwe R. Sigma-point kalman filters for probabilistic inference in dynamic state-space models. PhD Thesis, Oregon Health & Science University, 2004.
- 66Julier SJ, Uhlmann JK Unscented filtering and nonlinear estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 92, March 2004; 401–422.