Chapter 27
Cholangiocarcinoma
Jacques Belghiti MD,
Charles B. Rosen MD,
Jacques Belghiti MD
Professor of Surgery
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital Beaujon, Clichy, France
Search for more papers by this authorCharles B. Rosen MD
Professor of Surgery
Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJacques Belghiti MD,
Charles B. Rosen MD,
Jacques Belghiti MD
Professor of Surgery
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital Beaujon, Clichy, France
Search for more papers by this authorCharles B. Rosen MD
Professor of Surgery
Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Pierre-Alain Clavien MD, Phd, FACS, FRCS,
Stefan Breitenstein MD,
Pierre-Alain Clavien MD, Phd, FACS, FRCS
Professor Chairman
Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Breitenstein MD
Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 09 December 2009
Summary
This chapter contains sections titled:
-
Introduction
-
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
-
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma
-
Distal cholangiocarcinoma
-
References
-
Conclusion
-
Self-assessment questions
-
Self-assessment answers
References
- Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24: 115–25.
- Nathan H, Pawlik TM, Wolfgang CL, Choti MA, Cameron JL, Schulick RD. Trends in survival after surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: a 30-year population-based SEER database analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11: 1488–96
- de Groen PC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, Gunderson LL, Nagorney DM. Biliary tract cancers. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1368–78.
- Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Kondo S, et al. Aggressive preoperative management and extended surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Nagoya experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2000; 7: 155–62.
- Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. The 14th report, surveillance of primary liver cancer patients in National Registry. Kyoto: LCSGJ, Kyoto, 2000: 25.
- Yeh CN, Jan YY, Yeh TS, Hwang TL, Chen MF. Hepatic resection of the intraductal papillary type of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11: 606–11.
- Bhuiya MR, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Kondo S, Nagino M, Hayakawa N. Clinicopathologic factors influencing survival of patients with bile duct carcinoma: multivariate statistical analysis. World J Surg 1993; 17: 653–7.
- DeOliveira ML, Cunningham SC, Cameron JL, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: thirty-one-year experience with 564 patients at a single institution. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 755–62.
- Endo I, Gonen M, Yopp AC, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: rising frequency, improved survival, and determinants of outcome after resection. Ann Surg 2008; 248: 84–96.
- El-Serag HB, Engels EA, Landgren O, et al. Risk of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers after hepatitis C virus infection: A population-based study of U.S. veterans. Hepatology 2009; 49: 116 –3.
- Valverde A, Bonhomme N, Farges O, Sauvanet A, Fléjou JF, Belghiti J. Resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A Western experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 1999; 6: 122–7.
- Iguchi T, Yamashita N, Aishima S, et al. A comprehensive analysis of immunohistochemical studies in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using the survival tree model. Oncology 2009; 76: 293–300.
- Vilgrain V, Van Beers BE, Fléjou JF, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: MRI and pathologic correlation in 14 patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997; 21: 59–65.
- Paik KY, Jung JC, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW, Kim YI. What prognostic factors are important for resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 766–0.
- Kawarada Y, Yamagiwa K, Das BC. Analysis of the relationships between clinicopathologic factors and survival time in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg 2002; 183: 679–85.
- Goere D, Wagholikar GD, Pessaux P, et al. Utility of staging laparoscopy in subsets of biliary cancers: laparoscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool in patients with intrahepatic and gallbladder carcinoma. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 721–5.
- Shimada K, Sano T, Sakamoto Y, Esaki M, Kosuge T, Ojima H. Surgical outcomes of the mass-forming plus periductal infi ltrating types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a comparative study with the typical mass-forming type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg 2007; 31: 2016–22.
- Tajima Y, Kuroki T, Fukuda K, Tsuneoka N, Furui J, Kanematsu T. An intraductal papillary component is associated with prolonged survival after hepatic resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 99–104,
- Harrison LE, Fong Y, Klimstra DS, Zee SY, Blumgart LH. Surgical treatment of 32 patients with peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 1068–70.
- Ohtsuka M, Ito H, Kimura F, et al. Extended hepatic resection and outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2003; 10: 259–64.
- Lang H, Sotiropoulos GC, Sgourakis G, et al. Operations for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: single-institution experience of 158 patients. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 208: 218 –28.
- Casavilla FA, Marsh JW, Iwatsuki S, et al. Hepatic resection and transplantation for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1997; 185: 429–36.
- Chen MF, Jan YY, Chen TC. Clinical studies of mucin-producing cholangiocellular carcinoma: a study of 22 histopathology proven cases. Ann Surg 1998; 227: 63–9.
- Sasaki A, Aramaki M, Kawano K, et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: mode of spread and choice of surgical treatment. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 1206–9.
- Konstadoulakis MM, Roayaie S, Gomatos IP, et al. Fifteen-year, single-center experience with the surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: operative results and long-term outcome. Surgery 2008; 143: 366–74.
- Kim MJ, Oh DY, Lee SH, et al. Gemcitabine-based versus fl uoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with or without platinum in unresectable biliary tract cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2008; 8: 374.
- Pichlmayr R, Lamesch P, Weimann A, Tusch G, Ringe B. Surgical treatment of cholangiocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 1995; 19: 83–8.
- Buc E, Lesurtel M, Belghiti J. Is preoperative histological diagnosis necessary before referral to major surgery for cholangiocarcinoma? HPB (Oxf) 2008; 10: 98–105.
- Ogura Y, Kawarada Y. Surgical strategies for carcinoma of the hepatic duct confl uence. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 20–4.
- Davids PH, Groen AK, Rauws EAJ, Tytgat GN, Huibregtse K. Randomised trial of self-expanding metal stents versus polyethylene stents for distal malignant biliary obstruction. Lancet 1992; 340: 1488–92.
- Ortner ME, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1355–63.
- Aloia TA, Charnsangavej C, Faria S, et al. High-resolution computed tomography accurately predicts resectability in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg 2007; 193: 702–6.
- Lee HY, Kim SH, Lee JM, et al. Preoperative assessment of resectability of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma: combined CT and cholangiography with revised criteria. Radiology 2006; 239: 113–21.
- Vogl TJ, Schwarz WO, Heller M, et al. Staging of Klatskin tumours (hilar cholangiocarcinomas): comparison of MR cholangiography, MR imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Eur Radiol 2006; 16: 2317–25.
- DeWitt J, Misra VL, Leblanc JK, McHenry L, Sherman S. EUS-guided FNA of proximal biliary strictures after negative ERCP brush cytology results. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 325 –33.
- Bismuth H, Nakache R, Diamond T. Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 1992; 215: 31–8.
- Dinant S, Gerhards MF, Rauws EA, Busch OR, Gouma DJ, Van Gulik TM. Improved outcome of resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor). Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 872–80.
- Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Tso WK, Lam CM, Wong J. Improved operative and survival outcomes of surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1488–94.
- Ito F, Agni R, Rettammel RJ, et al. Resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: concomitant liver resection decreases hepatic recurrence. Ann Surg 2008; 248: 273–9.
- Nimura Y, Hayakawa N, Kamiya J. Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobe resection for bile duct carcinoma of the hepatic hilus. World J Surg 1990; 14: 535–44.
- Launois B, Terblanche J, Lakehal M, et al. Proximal bile duct cancer: high resectability rate and 5-year survival. Ann Surg 1999; 230: 266–75
- Seyama Y, Kubota K, Sano K, et al. Long-term outcome of extended hemihepatectomy for hilar bile duct cancer with no mortality and high survival rate. Ann Surg 2003; 238: 73–83.
- Kawarada Y, Isaji S, Taoka H, Tabata M, Das BC, Yokoi H. S4a + S5 with caudate lobe (S1) resection using the Taj Mahal liver parenchymal resection for carcinoma of the biliary tract. J Gastrointest Surg 1999; 3: 369–73.
- Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, et al. Parenchyma-preserving hepatectomy in the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1999; 189: 575–83.
- Neuhaus P, Jonas S, Bechstein WO, et al. Extended resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 1999; 230: 808–18.
- Tsukada K, Yoshida K, Aono T, et al. Major hepatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the biliary tract. Br J Surg 1994; 81: 108–10.
- Yokoyama Y, Nagino M, Nishio H, Ebata T, Igami T, Nimura Y. Recent advances in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: portal vein embolization. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14: 447–54.
- Blumgart LH, Fong Y. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2000: 953.
- Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, 9th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, 1993.
- Belghiti J, Ogata S. Preoperative optimization of the liver for resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxf) 2005; 7: 252–3.
- Rea DJ, Munoz-Juarez M, Farnell MB, et al. Major hepatic resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of 46 patients. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 514–23, discussion 523–5.
- Hemming AW, Reed AI, Fujita S, et al. Surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2005; 241: 693–9, discussion 699–702.
- Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Wiesner RH, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ann Surg 1991; 213: 21–5.
- Rosen CB, Nagorney DM. Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991; 11: 26–30.
- Rea DJ, Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ. Transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: When and for whom? Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2009; 18: 325–37.
- Kayahara M, Nagakawa T, Ohta T, Kitagawa H, Tajima H, Miwa K. Role of nodal involvement and the periductal soft-tissue margin in middle and distal bile duct cancer. Ann Surg 1999; 229: 76–83.
- Zerbi A, Balzano G, Leone BE, Angeli E, Veronesi P, Di Carlo V. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and survival of resected distal bile duct cancer. Dig Surg 1998; 15: 410–16.
- Standfi eld NJ, Salisbury JR, Howard ER. Benign non-traumatic inflammatory strictures of the extrahepatic biliary system. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 849–52.
- Rosch T, Breig C, Gain T. Staging of pancreatic and ampullary carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 188–99.
- Foutch PG, Kerr DM, Harlen JR, Manne RK, Kummet TD, Sanowski RA. Endoscopic retrograde wire-guided brush cytology for diagnosis of patients with malignant obstruction of the bile duct. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85: 791–5.
- Kurosaki I, Tsukada K, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K. Prognostic determinations in extrahepatic bile duct cancer. HepatoGastroenterology 1998; 45: 905–9.
- Bhuiya MR, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Kondo S, Nagino M, Hayakawa N. Clinicopathologic factors influencing survival of patients with bile duct carcinoma: multivariate statistical analysis. World J Surg 1993; 17: 653–7.
- Alden ME, Waterman FM, Topham BA, Barbot DJ, Shapiro MJ, Muhiuddin M. Cholangiocarcinoma: Clinical signifi cance of tumor location along the extrahepatic bile duct. Radiology 1995; 197: 511–16.
- Allen PJ, Reiner AS, Gonen M, et al. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a comparison of patients with resected proximal and distal lesions. HPB (Oxf) 2008; 10: 341–6.
- Hernandez J, Cowgill SM, Al-Saadi S, et al. An aggressive approach to extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is warranted: margin status does not impact survival after resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 807–14.
- Murakami Y, Uemura K, Hayashidani Y, et al. Prognostic signifi cance of lymph node metastasis and surgical margin status for distal cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95: 207–12
- Yoshida T, Matsumoto T, Sasaki A, Morii Y, Aramaki M, Kitano S. Prognostic factors after pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for distal bile duct cancer. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 69–73.
- Andersen HB, Baden H, Brahe NE, Burchart F. Pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 179: 545–52.
- Chan C, Herrera MF, De La Garza L, et al. Clinical behavior and prognostic factors of periampullary adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 1995; 222: 632–7.
