The term $@#*^%#@#ldquo;collective action$@#*^%#@#rdquor; is hopelessly broad. Taken at face value, it could plausibly refer to all forms of human social action involving two or more people. Suffice to say, consideration of such a broadly inclusive category would be well beyond the scope of this entry. But there is a far narrower subset of human action to which the term has been applied and which will be the focus here. For our purposes, collective action refers to emergent and minimally coordinated action by two or more people that is motivated by a desire to change some aspect of social life or to resist changes proposed by others. By $@#*^%#@#ldquo;emergent$@#*^%#@#rdquor; is meant innovative lines of action that depart from taken$@#*^%#@#hyphen;for$@#*^%#@#hyphen;granted normative routines. $@#*^%#@#ldquo;Coordinated$@#*^%#@#rdquor; simply means that the various parties to the emerging conflict are attuned to one another and acting in awareness of this fact. Finally, the emphasis on change and/or resistance to change is designed to capture the adversarial or potentially conflictual nature of $@#*^%#@#ldquo;collective action.$@#*^%#@#rdquor;