Targeted Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers Using Composite Nanomaterials

The extensive progress in the development of mobile healthcare monitoring and e-health services is in high demand in analytical sensing and medical fields. In view of this, nanotechnology has played a crucial role in the early detection of illnesses and disorders. Cancer is one of the significant health problems worldwide, so detection of cancer in the early stage is highly essential. However, the expensive cost of existing fluorescent, enzyme-linked, and radiometric immunoassays for biomarker detection is a drawback, so a simple, cheap, and portable biomarker is required. Recently, the demand for electrochemical biosensors for biomarker detection has tremendously increased globally. The biosensors are specific, selective, and sensitive to identify cancer biomarkers, cholesterol, pesticide, glucose, bio-analytes, toxins in foods, etc., even at very low concentrations. The electrochemical nanobiosensors can be employed to quantify several clinical biomarkers in the identification and isolation of cancerous cells. The electrochemical biosensing device opens new pathways due to the combination of nanomaterials with a biological element. Herein, various electrochemical tools developed for isolating cancerous cells are discussed in detail. The primary goal of this chapter is to provide researchers with a broad idea of the current research on early cancer detection by electrochemical biosensors that are pursued worldwide. Finally, the challenges of these biosensors in the detection of cancer biomarkers are addressed.

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Functionalized Nanomaterials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices: Design, Fabrications and Applications