Investigation on Tribological Performance of Ferro-Magnetic Fluid as Lubricant
Ashwani Singh
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorLalit Thakur
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorJaideep Gupta
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorAshwani Singh
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorLalit Thakur
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorJaideep Gupta
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Search for more papers by this authorDilbagh Panchal
Search for more papers by this authorMohit Tyagi
Search for more papers by this authorAnish Sachdeva
Search for more papers by this authorDragan Pamucar
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
In this investigation, an optimized nano Fe 3 O 4 based ferromagnetic lubricant was created by utilizing mechanical and ultrasonic blending. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in varying amounts and percentages have been dispersed in Karanja base oil containing oleic acid as a surfactant. The wear mark diameter received in the four-ball test with the set standard was viewed as the output effect in the experiment. Thereafter, the obtained results showed the anti-wear functionality of the enhanced Karanja oil with ferromagnetic particles to be used as a lubricant. The stabilities of the lubricant sample were evaluated by calculating the sedimentation rate for a period of four months.
References
-
Gao , C.
,
Wang , Y.
,
Hu , D.
,
Pan , Z.
, &
Xiang , L.
(
2013
).
Tribological properties of magnetite nanopar- ticles with various morphologies as lubricating additives
.
Journal of nanoparticle research
,
15
(
3
),
1502
.
10.1007/s11051-013-1502-z Google Scholar
- Bannister , K. E. ( 1996 ). Lubrication for industry . Industrial Press Inc.
- Reeves , C. J. , Menezes , P. L. , Jen , T. C. , & Lovell , M. R. ( 2012 , May). Evaluating the tribological performance of green liquid lubricants and powder additive based green liquid lubricants . In Proceedings of 2012 STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition, STLE .
-
Menezes , P. L.
,
Reeves , C. J.
, &
Lovell , M. R.
(
2013
).
Fundamentals of lubrication
.In
Tribology for scientists and engineers
(pp.
295
-
340
).
Springer
,
New York, NY
.
10.1007/978-1-4614-1945-7_10 Google Scholar
- Lundgren , S. M. , Persson , K. , Mueller , G. , Kronberg , B. , Clarke , J. , Chtaib , M. , & Claesson , P. M. ( 2007 ). Unsaturated fatty acids in alkane solution: adsorption to steel surfaces . Langmuir , 23 ( 21 ), 10598 - 10602 .
- Lovell , M. R. , Kabir , M. A. , Menezes , P. L. , & Higgs III , C. F. ( 2010 ). Influence of boric acid addi- tive size on green lubricant performance . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences , 368 ( 1929 ), 4851 - 4868 .
- Lundgren , S. M. , Ruths , M. , Danerlöv , K. , & Persson , K. ( 2008 ). Effects of unsaturation on film struc- ture and friction of fatty acids in a model base oil . Journal of colloid and interface science , 326 ( 2 ), 530 – 536 .
-
Menezes , P. L.
,
Lovell , M. R.
,
Kabir , M. A.
,
Higgs , C. F.
, &
Rohatgi , P. K.
(
2012
).
Green lubricants: role of additive size
. In
Green tribology
(pp.
265
–
286
).
Springer
,
Berlin, Heidelberg
.
10.1007/978-3-642-23681-5_10 Google Scholar
- Erdemir , A. ( 1990 ). Tribological properties of boric acid and boric acid forming surfaces : part 1, crys- tal chemistry and self-lubricating mechanism of boric acid (No. CONF-900588-1) . Argonne National Lab ., IL (USA) .
- Reeves , C. J. , Menezes , P. L. , Lovell , M. R. , & Jen , T. C. ( 2015 ). Science and technology of environ- mentally friendly lubricants . Environmentally friendly and biobased lubricants .
-
Grushcow , J.
(
2005
, January).
High oleic plant oils with hydroxy fatty acids for emission reduction
.In
World Tribology Congress
(Vol.
42010
, pp.
485
–
486
).
10.1115/WTC2005-63515 Google Scholar
- Reeves , C. J. , Menezes , P. L. , Lovell , M. R. , & Jen , T. C. ( 2013 ). The size effect of boron nitride parti- cles on the tribological performance of biolubricants for energy conservation and sustainabil- ity . Tribology Letters , 51 ( 3 ), 437 – 452 .
- Li , Y. , Pang , A. , Wang , C. , & Wei , M. ( 2011 ). Metal–organic frameworks: promising materi- als for improving the open circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells . Journal of Materials Chemistry , 21 ( 43 ), 17259 – 17264 .
- Hawkins , C. A. , Garvey , S. L. , & Dietz , M. L. ( 2012 ). Structural variations in room-temperature ionic liquids: Influence on metal ion partitioning modes and extraction selectivity . Separation and purification technology , 89 , 31 – 38 .
- Chen , D. H. , & Wu , S. H. ( 2000 ). Synthesis of nickel nanoparticles in water-in-oil microemul- sions . Chemistry of Materials , 12 ( 5 ), 1354 – 1360 .
- Ing , T. C. , Rafiq , A. K. M. , Azli , Y. , & Syahrullail , S. ( 2012 ). Tribological behaviour of refined bleached and deodorized palm olein in different loads using a four-ball tribotester . Scientia Iranica , 19 ( 6 ), 1487 – 1492 .
- Huang , H. D. , Tu , J. P. , Gan , L. P. , & Li , C. Z. ( 2006 ). An investigation on tribological properties of graphite nanosheets as oil additive . Wear , 261 ( 2 ), 140 – 144 .
- Jiao , F. , Hu , D. , & Wang , Y. ( 2011 ). Tribological Properties of Steel Pairs in Lubricant Oils with Nanoparticles of Fe 3O 4with Various Morphologies . Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society , 39 ( 1 ), 152 – 157 .
- Li , B. , Wang , X. , Liu , W. , & Xue , Q. ( 2006 ). Tribochemistry and anti-wear mechanism of organic– inorganic nanoparticles as lubricant additives . Tribology Letters , 22 ( 1 ), 79 – 84 .
- Wagh , N. R. ( 2018 ). Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Karanja Base Oil Using Additives for IC-Engine Application . Int. J. Res , 7 ( 7 ), 55 – 63 .
- Mahipal , D. , & Jayadas , N. H. Evaluation of karanja oil (pongamia pinnata) as a novel base oil for bio-degradable lubricants with nano zno as anti-wearadditive.
- HM , G. , & Nagaraju , T. Effect of Zinc-Dialkyl-Dithiophosphate Additive on Viscosity and Density of Pongamia Oil Bio-Lubricant .
- Bakunin , V. N. , A. Yu Suslov , G. N. Kuzmina , and O. P. Parenago . 2005 . Recent Achievements in the Synthesis and Application of Inorganic Nanoparticles as Lubricant Components . Lubrication Science 17 ( 2 ): 127 – 45 .
- Blaza Stojanovic , Jasmina Blagojević , Miroslav Babic , Sandra Veličković , Slavica Miladinovic . 2017 .
-
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology Optimization of Hybrid Aluminum Composites Wear Using Taguchi Method and Artificial Neural Network
.
Industrial lubrication and tribology
69
(
6
):
1005
–
1015
.
10.1108/ILT-02-2017-0043 Google Scholar
- Dai , Wei , Bassem Kheireddin , Hong Gao , and Hong Liang . 2016 . Roles of Nano-particles in Oil Lubrication . Tribology International 102 : 88 – 98 .
- Gulzar , M. et al . 2016 . Tribological Performance of Nano-particles as Lubricating Oil Additives . Journal of Nanoparticle Research 18 ( 8 ): 1 – 25 .
- Guo , Jingxuan et al . 2017 . Tribological Properties of ZnO and WS2 Nanofluids Using Different Surfactants . Wear 382–383 ( April ): 8 – 14 .
- Han , Xue et al . 2019 . Tribological Performance of Oil-Based ZnO and Diamond Nanofluids . Lubrication Science 31 ( 3 ): 73 – 84 .
- Huang , Wei , and Xiaolei Wang . 2016 . Ferrofluids Lubrication: A Status Report . Lubrication Science 28 ( 1 ): 3 – 26 .
- Huang , Wei , Xiaolei Wang , Guoliang Ma , and Cong Shen . 2009 . Study on the Synthesis and Tribological Property of Fe 3O 4 Based Magnetic Fluids . Tribology Letters 33 ( 3 ): 187 – 92 .
- Huang , Weijiu , Yuanqiang Tan , Junxiu Dong , and Boshui Chen . 2002 . Tribological Properties of the Film Formed by Borated Dioctyl Dithiocarbamate as an Additive in Liquid Paraffin . Tribology International 35 ( 11 ): 787 – 91 .
-
Li-jun , Wang
,
Guo Chu-wen
,
Yamane Ryuichiro
, and
Wu Yue
.
2009
.
Tribological Properties of Mn Zn-Fe Magnetic Fluids under Magnetic Field
.
Tribology International
42
(
6
):
792
–
97
.
10.1016/j.triboint.2008.10.009 Google Scholar
-
Li-jun , Wang
,
Guo Chu-wen
, and
Ryuichiro Yamane
.
2008
.
Experimental Research on Tribological Properties of Mn0.78Zn0.22Fe2O4 Magnetic Fluids
.
Journal of Tribology
130
(
3
):
031801
.
10.1115/1.2913539 Google Scholar