Chapter 60
Diabetes and Cancer
Risk, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications
Ellena Badrick,
Emily J. Gallagher,
Andrew G. Renehan,
Ellena Badrick
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Search for more papers by this authorEmily J. Gallagher
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew G. Renehan
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Search for more papers by this authorEllena Badrick,
Emily J. Gallagher,
Andrew G. Renehan,
Ellena Badrick
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Search for more papers by this authorEmily J. Gallagher
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew G. Renehan
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Richard I.G. Holt MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA,
Allan Flyvbjerg MD, DMSc,
Richard I.G. Holt MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA
Professor in Diabetes & Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Honorary Consultant Physician
Human Development and Health
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAllan Flyvbjerg MD, DMSc
Former CEO at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC) Professor of Clinical Endocrinology
The Capital Region of Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 12 January 2024
Summary
Diabetes and cancer are common chronic conditions, and they frequently coexist. This chapter describes the epidemiological evidence evaluating associations between diabetes, cancer incidence, and mortality, and the emerging trends of cancer as a leading cause of death among people with diabetes. As a prelude, the challenge of epidemiological data interpretation is set out. The chapter then discusses the two prevailing mechanistic hypotheses linking diabetes and cancer, namely hyperglycaemia versus hyperinsulinaemia. The central tenet of anti-diabetes therapy is glucose management. From the pharmaco-epidemiological literature, there is evidence that anti-diabetes medications might influence cancer risk, but again, discussion is required around interpretation of these data. Finally, the chapter covers three major areas of clinical implication and the emergence of the subspecialty of onco-diabetology.
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