Chapter 10
The Spectrum of Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma
Jianping Kong,
Andrew L. Feldman,
Jianping Kong
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew L. Feldman
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJianping Kong,
Andrew L. Feldman,
Jianping Kong
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew L. Feldman
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Owen A. O'Connor M.D., Ph.D.,
Won Seog Kim,
Pier Luigi Zinzani M.D., Ph.D.,
Owen A. O'Connor M.D., Ph.D.
American Cancer Society Research Professor Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Program for T-Cell Lymphoma Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Research, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorWon Seog Kim
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorPier Luigi Zinzani M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Hematology
Department of Medicine, Program for Lymphomas and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 19 February 2021
Summary
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is defined as a group of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) which show unifying pathological characteristics, but heterogeneous clinical and genetic features. The World Health Organization includes four distinct ALCL entities: anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) ALCL, ALK-negative (ALK–) ALCL, primary cutaneous (pc) ALCL, and breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL, a newly included provisional entity). Patients diagnosed with ALCL require pretreatment evaluation. CD30 and ALK are required for accurate diagnosis and subclassification, and also serve as therapeutic targets in ALCL. Strategies to improve outcomes in ALCL include the design of next generation drugs and the use of combined therapies that simultaneously target multiple nodes essential for cell survival. Immune checkpoint inhibitors work by blocking checkpoint proteins from binding with their partner proteins and have been approved by the FDA for a variety of cancer types.
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