Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death throughout the world. This chapter presents the relative contribution of liver disease to total annual mortality. These variances reflect the causes of liver injury that predominate in different parts of the world. Liver transplantation (LT) requires the sourcing of a partial or complete liver allograft for use in the recipient. The chapter shows the worldwide comparison of liver transplantation practices. In reality, not all donor livers are equally good. Donation must be unconditional and it is considered unacceptable to use organs where consent to organ donation is subject to any conditions. While LT improves both the quantity and quality of life for the great majority of recipients, it is rarely normal in either parameter. Recipients should consider liver replacement as an improvement over their pre-LT circumstances rather than a cure.