6 Close, Yet Separate: Patterns of Male and Female Floral Development in Monoecious Species
Annual Plant Reviews book series, Volume 20: Flowering and its Manipulation
II. Specialised Components of Development
Rafael Perl-Treves,
Prem Anand Rajagopalan,
Rafael Perl-Treves
Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorPrem Anand Rajagopalan
Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorRafael Perl-Treves,
Prem Anand Rajagopalan,
Rafael Perl-Treves
Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorPrem Anand Rajagopalan
Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorThis article was originally published in 2006 in Flowering and its Manipulation, Volume 20 (ISBN 9781405128087) of the Annual Plant Reviews book series, this volume edited by Charles Ainsworth. The article was republished in Annual Plant Reviews online in April 2018.
Abstract
The sections in this article are
- Introduction
- Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Monoecious Plant Development
- How do Unisexual Flowers Develop?
- Concluding Remarks
- Abbreviations
References
- Ando, S. and Sakai, S. (2002) Isolation of an ethylene-responsive gene (ERAF16) for a putative methyl-transferase and correlation of ERAF16 gene expression with female flower formation in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus), Physiologica Plantarum, 116, 213–222.
- Ando, S., Sato, Y., Kamachi, S. and Sakai, S. (2001) Isolation of a MADS-box gene (ERAF17) and correlation of its expression with the induction of formation of female flowers by ethylene in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.), Planta, 213, 943–952.
- Angenent, G. C., Franken, J., Busscher, M. et al. (1995) A novel class of MADS box genes is involved in ovule development in Petunia , The Plant Cell, 7, 1569–1582.
- Atsmon, D. and Galun, E. (1960) A morphogenetic study of staminate, pistillate and hermaphrodite flowers in Cucumis sativus L, Phytomorphology, 10, 110–115.
- Atsmon, D. and Tabbak, C. (1979) Comparative effects of gibberellin, silver nitrate and aminoethoxyvinyl glycine on sexual tendency and ethylene evolution in the cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.), Plant Cell Physiology, 20, 1547–1555.
- Atsmon, D., Lang, A. and Light, E. N. (1968) Contents and recovery of gibberellins in monoecious and gynoecious cucumber plants, Plant Physiology, 43, 806–810.
- Barrett, S. C. H. (2002) The evolution of plant sexual diversity, Nature Reviews Genetics, 3, 274–284.
- Becker, A., Winter, K. U., Meyer, B., Saedler, H. and Theissen, G. (2000) MADS-box gene diversity in seed plants 300 million years ago, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17, 1425–1434.
- Bensen, R. J., Johal, G. S., Crane, V. C. et al. (1995) Cloning and characterization of the maize An1 gene, The Plant Cell, 7, 75–84.
- Bleecker, A. B. and Kende, H. (2000) Ethylene: a gaseous signal molecule in plants, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 16, 1–18.
- Buckner, B., Johal, G. S. and Janick-Buckner, D. (2000) Cell death in maize, Physiologica Plantarum, 108, 231–239.
- Byers, R. E., Baker, L. R., Sell, H. M., Herner, R. C. and Dilley, D. R. (1972 ) Ethylene: a natural regulator of sex expression of Cucumis melo L, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 69, 717–720.
- Calderon-Urrea, A. and Dellaporta, S. L. (1999) Cell death and cell protection genes determine the fate of pistils in maize, Development, 126, 435–441.
- Charlesworth, D. and Guttman, D. S. (1999) The evolution of dioecy and plant sex chromosome systems, in Sex Determination in Plants (ed. C. Ainsworth), BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 183–188.
- Cheng, P. C., Gryson, R. I. and Walden, D. B. (1983) Organ initiation and the development of unisexual flowers in the tassel and ear of Zea mays , American Journal of Botany, 70, 450–462.
- Costich, D. E. and Meagher, T. R. (2001) Impacts of floral gender and whole-plant gender on floral evolution in Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 74, 475–487.
- Dellaporta, S. L. and Calderon-Urrea, A. (1993) Sex determination in flowering plants, The Plant Cell, 5, 1241–1251.
- De-long, A., Calderonurrea, A. and Dellaporta, S. L. (1993) Sex determination gene TASSELSEED2 of maize encodes a short-chain alcohol-dehydrogenase required for stage-specific floral organ abortion, Cell, 74, 757–768.
- Dorken, M. E. and Barrett, S. C. H. (2003) Gender plasticity in Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae), a monoecious aquatic species, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 237, 99–106.
- Dorken, M. E. and Barrett, S. C. H. (2004) Phenotypic plasticity of vegetative and reproductive traits in monoecious and dioecious populations of Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae): a clonal aquatic plant, Journal of Ecology, 92, 32–44.
- Filipecki, M. K., Sommer, H. and Malepszy, S. (1997) The MADS-box gene CUS1 is expressed during cucumber somatic embryogenesis, Plant Science, 125, 63–74.
- Fluhr, R. and Mattoo, A. K. (1996) Ethylene – biosynthesis and perception, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 15, 479–523.
-
Frankel, R. and Galun, E. (1977) Pollination Mechanisms, Reproduction and Plant Breeding, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
10.1007/978-3-642-81059-6 Google Scholar
- Friedlander, M., Atsmon, D. and Galun, E. (1977a) Sexual differentiation in cucumber: abscisic acid and gibberellic acid contents of various sex genotypes, Plant Cell Physiology, 18, 681–691.
- Friedlander, M., Atsmon, D. and Galun, E. (1977b) The effect of grafting on sex expression in cucumber, Plant Cell Physiology, 18, 1343–1350.
- Galan, F. (1946) Sur la génétique de la monoecie et la dioecie zygotique chez Ecballium elaterium Rich, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, 222, 1130–1131.
- Galun, E. (1959a) Effect of gibberellic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid in sex expression and some morphological characters in the cucumber plant, Phyton, 13, 1–8.
- Galun, E. (1959b) The role of auxin in the sex expression of the cucumber, Physiologica Plantarum, 12, 48–61.
- Galun, E. (1961a) Gibberellic acid as a tool for the estimation of the time interval between physiological and morphological bisexuality of cucumber floral buds, Phyton, 16, 57–62.
- Galun, E. (1961b) Study of the inheritance of sex expression in the cucumber, the interactions of major genes with modifying genetic and non-genetic factors, Genetica, 32, 134–163.
- Galun, E., Jung, Y. and Lang, A. (1963) Morphogenesis of floral buds of cucumber cultured in vitro , Developmental Biology, 6, 370–387.
- Goffinet, M. C. (1990) Comparative ontogeny of male and female flowers of Cucumis sativus , in Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae (eds. D. M. Bates, R. W. Robinson and C. Jeffrey), Cornell University Press, New York. 288–304.
- Goldberg, A., Kahana, A., Silberstein, L. and Perl-Treves, R. (2000) Markers for cucumber male flower development isolated by differential display and differential hybridization, Plant Molecular Biology Conference, Quebec, S25–S27.
- Goldstein, P. (1997) Controlling cell death, Science, 275, 1081–1082.
- Grant, S., Houben, A., Vyskot, B. et al. (1994) Genetics of sex determination in flowering plants, Developmental Genetics, 15, 214–230.
- Hao, Y. J., Wang, D. H., Peng, Y. B. et al. (2003) DNA damage in the early primordial anther is closely correlated with stamen arrest in the female flower of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Planta, 217, 888–895.
- Hirayama, T. and Alonso, J. M. (2000) Ethylene captures a metal! Metal ions are involved in ethylene perception and signal transduction, Plant and Cell Physiology, 41, 548–555.
- Hirosaka, S. and Sugiyama, N. (2004) Characterization of flower and fruit development of multipistillate type cucumbers, Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79, 219–222.
- Huang, S., Cerny, R. E., Qi, Y. L. et al. (2003) Transgenic studies on the involvement of cytokinin and gibberellin in male development, Plant Physiology, 131, 1270–1282.
- Huang, S. Q. (2003) Flower dimorphism and the maintenance of andromonoecy in Sagittaria guyanensis ssp lappula (Alismataceae), New Phytologist, 157, 357–364.
- Irish, E. E. (1999) Maize sex determination, in Sex Determination in Plants (ed. C. Ainsworth), BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 183–188.
- Irish, E. E. and Nelson, T. M. (1993) Development of Tassel Seed-2 inflorescences in maize, American Journal of Botany, 80, 292–299.
- Irish, E. E., Langdale, J. A. and Nelson, T. M. (1994) Interactions between tassel seed genes and other sex-determining genes in maize, Developmental Genetics, 15, 155–171.
- Kahana, A., Silberstein, L., Kessler, N., Goldstein, R. S. and Perl-Treves, R. (1999) Expression of ACC oxidase genes differs among sex genotypes and sex phases in cucumber, Plant Molecular Biology, 41, 517–528.
- Kamachi, S., Mizusawa, H., Matsuura, S. and Sakai, S. (2000) Expression of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes, CS-ACS1 and CS-ACS2, correlated with sex phenotypes in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.), Plant Biotechnology, 17, 69–74.
- Kamachi, S., Sekimoto, H., Kondo, N. and Sakai, S. (1997) Cloning of a cDNA for a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase that is expressed during development of female flowers at the apices of Cucumis sativus L, Plant and Cell Physiology, 38, 1197–1206.
- Kater, M. M., Colombo, L., Franken, J. et al. (1998) Multiple AGAMOUS homologs from cucumber and petunia differ in their ability to induce reproductive organ fate, The Plant Cell, 10, 171–182.
- Kater, M. M., Franken, J., Carney, K. J., Colombo, L. and Angenent, G. C. (2001) Sex determination in the monoecious species cucumber is confined to specific floral whorls, The Plant Cell, 13, 481–493.
- Krupnick, G. A., Avila, G., Brown, K. M. and Stephenson, A. G. (2000) Effects of herbivory on internal ethylene production and sex expression in Cucurbita texana , Functional Ecology, 14, 215–225.
- Krupnick, G. A., Brown, K. M. and Stephenson, A. G. (1999) The influence of fruit on the regulation of internal ethylene concentrations and sex expression in Cucurbita texana , International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160, 321–330.
- Kubicki, B. (1969a) Investigations on sex determination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). V. Genes controlling intensity of femaleness, Genetica Polonica, 10, 69–85.
- Kubicki, B. (1969b) Investigations on sex determination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). VII. Andromonoecism and hermaphroditism, Genetica Polonica, 10, 101–120.
- Le Corff, J., Agren, J. and Schemske, D. W. (1998) Floral display, pollinator discrimination, and female reproductive success in two monoecious Begonia species, Ecology, 79, 1610–1619.
- Le Roux, L. G. and Kellogg, E. A. (1999) Floral development and the formation of unisexual spikelets in the Andropogoneae (Poaceae), American Journal of Botany, 86, 354–366.
- Lebel-Hardenack, S., Ye, D., Koutnikova, H., Saedler, H. and Grant, S. R. (1997) Conserved expression of a TASSELSEED2 homolog in the tapetum of the dioecious Silene latifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana , The Plant Journal, 12, 515–526.
- Li, D., Blakey, C. A., Dewald, C. and Dellaporta, S. L. (1997) Evidence for a common sex determination mechanism for pistil abortion in maize and in its wild relative Tripsacum , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 4217–4222.
- Li, J. M., Nagpal, P., Vitart, V., McMorris, T. C. and Chory, J. (1996) A role for brassinosteroids in light-dependent development of Arabidopsis, Science, 272, 398–401.
- Makus, D. J., Pharr, D. M. and Lower, R. L. (1975) Some morphogenic differences between monoecious and gynoecious cucumber seedlings as related to ethylene production, Plant Physiology, 55, 352–355.
- Mibus, H. and Tatlioglu, T. (2004) Molecular characterization and isolation of the F/f gene for femaleness in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1669–1676.
- Mibus, H., Vural, I. and Tatlioglu, T. (2000) Molecular characterization and isolation of the F/f gene for femaleness in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Theortical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1669–1676.
- Miller, J. S. and Venable, D. L. (2000) Polyploidy and the evolution of gender dimorphism in plants, Science, 289, 2335–2338.
- Mitchell, W. D. and Wittwer, S. H. (1962) Chemical regulation of sex expression and vegetative growth in Cucumis sativus , Science, 136, 880–881.
- Papadopoulou, K. and Grumet, R. (2005) Brassinosteroid-induced femaleness in cucumber and relationship to ethylene production. HortScience, 40, 1763–1767.
- Papadopoulou, E., Little, H. A., Hammar, S. A. and Grumet, R. (2005) Effect of modified endogenous ethylene production on hermaphrodite flower development and fruit production in melon (Cucumis melo L.), Sex Plant Reprod. 18, 131–142
- Papadopoulou, E., Little, H. A., Hammar, S. A. and Grumet, R. (2002) Effect of modified endogenous ethylene production and perception on sex expression in melon (Cucumis melo L.), in Cucurbitaceae '02 (ed. D. Maynard), ASHS Press, Virginia, VS, pp. 157–164.
- Perl-Treves, R. (1999) Male to female conversion along the cucumber shoot: approaches to studying sex genes and floral development in Cucumis sativus , in Sex Determination in Plants (ed. C.C. Ainsworth), Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 189–215.
- Perl-Treves, R., Kahana, A., Rosenman, N., Xiang, Y. and Silberstein, L. (1998) Expression of multiple AGAMOUS-like genes in male and female flowers of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L), Plant and Cell Physiology, 39, 701–710.
- Podolsky, R. D. (1992) Strange floral attractors – pollinator attraction and the evolution of plant sexual systems, Science, 258, 791–793.
- Przybecki, Z., Kowalczyk, M. E., Siedlecka, E., Urbanczyk-Wochniak, E. and Malepszy, S. (2003) The isolation of cDNA clones from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) floral buds coming from plants differing in sex, Cell and Molecular Biology Letters, 8, 421–438.
- Rajagopalan, P., Saraf-Levy, T., Lizhe, A. and Perl-Treves, R. (2004) Increased femaleness in transgenic cucumbers that overexpress an ethylene receptor, in (eds A. Lebeda and H. S. Paris) Proceedings of Cucurbitaceae 2004, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, pp. 525–531.
- Reusch, T. (2001) Fitness-consequences of geitonogamous selfing in a clonal marine angiosperm (Zostera marina), Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 14, 129–138.
- Rood, S. B., Pharis, R. P. and Major, D. J. (1980) Changes in endogenous gibberellin-like substances with sex reversal of the apical inflorescence in corn, Plant Physiology, 66, 793–796.
- Rudich, J., Halevy, A. H. and Kedar, N. (1969) Increase in femaleness of three cucurbits by treatment with Ethrel, an ethylene-releasing compound, Planta, 86, 69–76.
- Rudich, J., Halevy, A. H. and Kedar, N. (1972a) Ethylene evolution from cucumber plants as related to sex expression, Plant Physiology, 49, 998–999.
- Rudich, J., Halevy, A. H. and Kedar, N. (1972b) The level of phytohormones in monoecious and gynoecious cucumbers as affected by photoperiod and ethephon, Plant Physiology, 50, 585–590.
- Saraf-Levy, T., Kahana, A., Kessler, N. et al. (2000) Genes involved in ethylene synthesis and perception in cucumber, in Proceedings of Cucurbitaceae 2000 (eds N. Katzir and H. S. Paris), Jerusalem, Israel, 7th Eucarpia meeting on cucurbit genetics and breeding.
- Shannon, S. and de La Guardia, M. D. (1969) Sex expression and the production of ethylene induced by auxin in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Nature, 223, 186.
- Sun, T. P., Goodman, H. M. and Ausubel, F. M. (1992) Cloning the Arabidopsis Ga1 locus by genomic subtraction, The Plant Cell, 4, 119–128.
- Takahashi, H., Saito, T. and Suge, H. (1982) Intergeneric translocation of floral stimulus across a graft in monoecious Cucurbitaceae with special reference to the sex expression of flowers, Plant Cell Physiology, 23, 1–9.
- Talamali, A., Bajji, M., Le Thomas, A., Kinet, J. M. and Dutuit, P. (2003) Flower architecture and sex determination: how does Atriplex halimus play with floral morphogenesis and sex genes? New Phytologist, 157, 105–113.
- Tanurdzic, M. and Banks, J. A. (2004) Sex-determining mechanisms in land plants, The Plant Cell, 16, S61-S71.
- Trebitsh, T., Staub, J. E. and Oneill, S. D. (1997) Identification of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene linked to the female (F) locus that enhances female sex expression in cucumber, Plant Physiology, 113, 987–995.
- Trebitsh, T., Rudich, J. and Riov, J. (1987) Auxin, biosynthesis of ethylene and sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Plant Growth Regulation, 5, 105–113.
- Wang, K. L. C., Li, H. and Ecker, J. R. (2002) Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks, The Plant Cell, 14, S131–S151.
- Winkler, R. G. and Helentjaris, T. (1995) The maize Dwarf3 gene encodes a cytochrome P450-mediated early step in gibberellin biosynthesis, The Plant Cell, 7, 1307–1317.
- Winter, K. U., Weiser, C., Kaufmann, K. et al. (2002) Evolution of class B floral homeotic proteins: obligate heterodimerization originated from homodimerization, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19, 587–596.
- Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N., Matsuura, S., Mizusawa, H. and Takahashi, H. (2001) The M locus and ethylene-controlled sex determination in andromonoecious cucumber plants, Plant and Cell Physiology, 42, 608–619.
- Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N. and Takahashi, H. (2000) The ethylene-regulated expression of CS-ETR2 and CS-ERS genes in cucumber plants and their possible involvement with sex expression in flowers, Plant and Cell Physiology, 41, 608–616.
- Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N. and Takahashi, H. (2003a) Characterization of ethylene effects on sex determination in cucumber plants, Sexual Plant Reproduction, 16, 103–111.
- Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N. and Takahashi, H. (2003b) Photoperiodic regulation of CS-ACS2, CS-ACS4 and CS-ERS gene expression contributes to the femaleness of cucumber flowers through diurnal ethylene production under short-day conditions, Plant Cell and Environment, 26, 537–546.
- Yin, T. and Quinn, J. A. (1995) Tests of a mechanistic model of one hormone regulating both sexes in Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae), American Journal of Botany, 82, 1537–1546.
- Young, T. E., Giesler-Lee, J. and Gallie, D. R. (2004) Senescence-induced expression of cytokinin reverses pistil abortion during maize flower development, The Plant Journal, 38, 910–922.
Citing Literature
Browse other articles of this reference work: