Due to the specificity of China's agricultural production, the separated management of the small-scale family farms and the low level of professional expertise and mechanization, pesticide residues in food and farm products are very serious. There are lots of direct or indirect effects of using pesticides on food security, such as the balance between supply and demand of primary agricultural products, and especially the reduction of hunger in developing countries and social stability. China stopped the production and use of benzene hexachloride (BHC) and other organochlorine pesticides in the mid- 1980s. Since then, pesticides classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have gradually exited the market. The chapter discusses past events and evolution of pesticide residue issues and changing across the centuries the current status of pesticide residues in food safety and management measures. It talks about the future of risk management for pesticide residues in foods.