Although colors are central to our cultural and social interactions with the world, color is a topic that has more often been pushed to the periphery of anthropological study. This entry outlines an anthropology of colors by tracing approaches to color, from interests in perception, linguistics, color naming, evolutionary theories, and semiotics through to the more recent resurgence in material culture studies and the sensorial turn in anthropology since the 1990s. Works since the mid-2000s have attempted to overcome prior challenges posed by considering color as a fixed single hue by instead examining what colors do through their transformation and their relations with other colors, properties, things, and people. This focus has opened up new possibilities—for example, considering how indigenous peoples have resocialized their worlds by using colors in novel ways following experiences of colonialism. A renewed interest in light and the increasing experience of colors as mediated through digital screens indicate future directions for anthropological investigations of colors.