Chapter 94
Acute Viral Hepatitis
Marc G. Ghany,
T. Jake Liang,
Marc G. Ghany
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorT. Jake Liang
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMarc G. Ghany,
T. Jake Liang,
Marc G. Ghany
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorT. Jake Liang
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Daniel K. Podolsky MD,
Michael Camilleri MD,
J. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD,
Anthony N. Kalloo MD,
Fergus Shanahan MD,
Timothy C. Wang MD,
Daniel K. Podolsky MD
President, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Camilleri MD
Executive Dean for Development, Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Distinguished Investigator, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD
Executive Vice President for Academic Aff airs and Provost, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dean, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony N. Kalloo MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFergus Shanahan MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy C. Wang MD
Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 27 November 2015
Summary
Five hepatotrophic viruses designated A through E commonly cause acute hepatitis. Transmission is primarily via the fecal-oral route for hepatitis A and E in contrast to parental routes for B, C and D. The clinical presentation ranges in severity from an asymptomatic illness to fulminant hepatitis. Outcome and severity of the hepatitis is dependent on a variety of host and viral factors. Recovery is the general rule but hepatitis B, C, D and to a lesser extent HEV can progress to chronicity. Diagnosis is based on specific serological and nucleic acid testing. Treatment is usually not indicated with the possible exception of acute hepatitis C, and in some cases of acute hepatitis B that have a prolonged course. Effective vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B and are recommended as part of childhood vaccination and for susceptible adults. A vaccine was recently developed for hepatitis E but its use has not been clearly defined.
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