Chapter 71
Ulcerative Colitis
Stephen B. Hanauer,
Daniel K. Podolsky,
Stephen B. Hanauer
Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel K. Podolsky
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStephen B. Hanauer,
Daniel K. Podolsky,
Stephen B. Hanauer
Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel K. Podolsky
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Daniel K. Podolsky MD,
Michael Camilleri MD,
J. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD,
Anthony N. Kalloo MD,
Fergus Shanahan MD,
Timothy C. Wang MD,
Daniel K. Podolsky MD
President, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Camilleri MD
Executive Dean for Development, Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Distinguished Investigator, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD
Executive Vice President for Academic Aff airs and Provost, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dean, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony N. Kalloo MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFergus Shanahan MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy C. Wang MD
Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 27 November 2015
Summary
The pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, as well as its counterpart Crohn's disease, is thought to be multifactorial including genetic, environmental, immunological, and microbiological factors. For some patients, especially those with primary sclerosing cholangitis or ankylosing spondylitis, the extraintestinal manifestations may be more problematic than the bowel disease. Nutritional requirements are increased in severe ulcerative colitis because of the catabolism associated with fever and inflammation. Formulations of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, mesalamine, mesalazine) have been the primary therapies to treat mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis and to maintain remission. Surgery plays a relatively small role in the management of extraintestinal manifestation in ulcerative colitis. Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis have an increased risk for colon cancer compared with the general population. An effective approach to colonoscopic surveillance in ulcerative colitis came from the observation that colon cancer in ulcerative colitis is associated with dysplasia elsewhere in the colon.
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