Liver and Biliary Tract Histology
Paulette Bioulac-Sage
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Le Bail
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Balabaud
Search for more papers by this authorPaulette Bioulac-Sage
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Le Bail
Search for more papers by this authorCharles Balabaud
Search for more papers by this authorJuan Rodés MD
Director General, Hospital Clinic; Professor of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJean-Pierre Benhamou MD
Professor of Hepatology, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris and Inserm U773, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
Search for more papers by this authorAndres T. Blei MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJürg Reichen MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Bern; Chief of Hepatology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorMario Rizzetto MD
Professor of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter contains section titled:
-
General Features
-
The Functional Unit of the Liver
-
Sinusoids
-
The Disse Space
-
Microcirculation
-
The Hepatic Artery
-
Lymphatics
-
Nerves
-
Functional Aspects of Liver Morphology
-
The Biliary Tract
-
References
References
- MacSween RNM, Scothorne RJ (1994) Developmental anatomy and normal structure. In: RNM MacSween, PP Anthony, PJ Scheuer et al.(eds) Pathology of the Liver. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 1–49.
- Desmet V (2001) Organizational principles in the liver. In: IM Arias, JL Boyer, FV Chisari et al. (eds) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology, 4th edn. New York: Raven Press, pp. 3–15.
- IM Arias, WB Jakoby, JL Boyer et al.(eds) (1994) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology. New York: Raven Press.
- Saxena R, Zucker SD, Crawford JM (2003) Anatomy and physiology of the liver. In: D Zakim and TD Boyer (eds) Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease, 4th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, pp. 3–30.
- Schroder R, Muller O, Bircher J (1985) The portacaval and splenocaval shunt in the normal rat. A morphometric and functional reevaluation. J Hepatol 1, 107–123.
- Malarkey DE, Johnson K, Ryan L et al. (2005) New insights into functional aspects of liver morphology. Toxicol Pathol 33, 27–34.
- Saxena R, Theise ND, Crawford JM (1999) Microanatomy of the human liver — exploring the hidden interfaces. Hepatology 30, 1339–1346.
- Matsumoto T, Kawakami M (1982) The unit-concept of hepatic parenchym: a re-examination based on angioarchitectural studies. Acta Pathol Jpn 32, 285–314.
- Teutsch HF (2005) The modular microarchitecture of human liver. Hepatology 42, 317–325.
- Ekataksin W, Wake K (1997) New concepts in biliary and vascular anatomy of the liver. Prog Liv Dis 15, 1–30.
- Roessner A, Kolde G, Stahl K et al. (1978) Ultrastructural morphometric investigations on normal human liver biopies. Acta Hepato Gastroenterol 25, 119–123.
- Rohr HP, Luthy J, Gudat F et al. (1976) Stereology of liver biopsies from healthy volunteers. Virch Arch 371, 261–263.
- P Bioulac-Sage, C Balabaud (eds) (1988) Sinusoids in Human Liver: Health and Disease. Rijswijk: Kupffer Cell Foundation.
- Wake K (1995) Structure of the sinusoidal wall in the liver. In E Wisse, DL Knook, K Wake (eds) Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid. Leiden: Kupffer Cell Foundation, pp. 241–246.
- Wisse E, de Zanger RB, Charels K et al. (1985) The liver sieve: considerations concerning the structure and function of endothelial fenestrae, the sinusoidal wall and the space of Disse. Hepatology 5, 683–692.
- Blouin A, Bolender RP, Weibel ER (1977) Distribution of organelles and membranes between hepatocytes and nonhepatocytes in the rat liver parenchyma. A stereological study. J Cell Biol 72, 441–455.
- Burt AD, Le Bail B, Balabaud C et al. (1993) Morphologic investigation of sinusoidal cells. Semin Liver Disease 13, 21–38.
- Enomoto K, Nishikawa Y, Omori Y et al. (2004) Cell biology and pathology of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Med Electron Microsc 37, 208–215.
- Braet F, Luo D, Spector I et al. (2001) Endothelial and pit cells in the liver. In: IM Arias, JL Boyer, FV Chisari et al.(eds) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology, 4th edn. New York: Raven Press, pp. 437–453.
- Braet F, Wisse E (2002) Structural and functional aspects of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae: a review. Comp Hepatol 1, 1.
- Naito M, Hasegawa G, Ebe Y et al. (2004) Differentiation and function of Kupffer cells. Med Electron Microsc 37, 16–28.
- Nakatani K, Kaneda K, Seki S et al. (2004) Pit cells as liver-associated natural killer cells: morphology and function. Med Electron Microsc 37, 29–36.
- Li D, Friedman S (2001) Hepatic stellate cells: morphology, function, and regulation in the liver. In: IM Arias, JL Boyer, FV Chisari et al. (eds) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology, 4th edn. New York: Raven Press, pp. 455–473.
- Lepreux S, Bioulac-Sage P, Gabbiani G et al. (2004) Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in normal and fibrotic/cirrhotic human liver: different patterns of expression in hepatic stellate cells and (myo)fibroblast populations. J Hepatol 40, 774–780.
- Greenwel P, Rojkind M (2001) The extracellular matrix of the liver. In: IM Arias, JL Boyer, FV Chisari et al. (eds) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology, 4th edn. New York: Raven Press, pp. 469–473.
- Dubuisson L, Lepreux S, Bioulac-Sage P et al. (2001) Expression and cellular localization of fibrillin-1 in normal and pathological human liver. J Hepatol 34, 514–522.
- McCuskey RS (1994) The hepatic microvascular system. In: IM Arias, JL Boyer, FV Chisari et al. (eds) The Liver. Biology and Pathobiology, 4th edn. New York: Raven Press, pp. 1089–1106.
- Oda M, Yokomori H, Han JY (2003) Regulatory mechanisms of hepatic microcirculation. Clin Hemorheal Microcirc 29, 167–182.
- Ekataksin W (2000) The isolated artery: an intrahepatic arterial pathway that can bypass the lobular parenchyma in mammalian livers. Hepatology 31, 269–279.
- Evangelou E, Kyzas PE, Trikalinos TA (2005) Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of lymphatic endothelium markers: Bayesian approach. Mod Pathol 18, 1490–1497.
- McCuskey RS (2004) Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 280, 821–826.
- Ueno T, Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C et al. (2004) Innervation of the sinusoidal wall: regulation of the sinusoidal diameter. Anat Rec Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 280, 868–873.
- Alpini G, McGill JM, Larusso NF (2002) The pathobiology of biliary epithelia. Hepatology 35, 1256–1268.
- Shibahara H, Tamada S, Goto M et al. (2004) Pathologic features of mucin-producing bile duct tumors: two histopathologic categories as counterparts of pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 28, 327–328.
- Theise ND, Saxena R, Portmann BC et al. (1999) The canals of Hering and hepatic stem cells in humans. Hepatology 30, 1425–1433.
- Rosai J (2004) Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. Normal anatomy. In: J Rosai (ed.) Rosai and Akerman's Surgical Pathology, 9th edn. Edinburgh: Mosby, pp. 1035–1036.
- Terada T, Takanuma Y, Ohta G (1987) Glandular elements around the intrahepatic bile ducts in man; their morphology and distribution in normal livers. Liver 7, 1–8.
- Balemba OB, Salter MJ, Mawe GM (2004) Innervation of the extra-hepatic biliary tract. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 280, 836–847.