Assessment of Institutions
Volume 3. Social Work Practice
II. Assessment and Intervention with Specific Populations
Heather K. Horton,
Katharine Briar-Lawson,
William Rowe,
Brian Roland,
Heather K. Horton
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorKatharine Briar-Lawson
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Rowe
University of South Florida, School of Social Work, Tampa, Florida, US
Search for more papers by this authorBrian Roland
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorHeather K. Horton,
Katharine Briar-Lawson,
William Rowe,
Brian Roland,
Heather K. Horton
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorKatharine Briar-Lawson
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Rowe
University of South Florida, School of Social Work, Tampa, Florida, US
Search for more papers by this authorBrian Roland
State University of New York—Albany, School of Social Welfare, Albany, New York, US
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 15 July 2008
Abstract
This chapter traces the development of institutions in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, as well as the need for inspections and reform. Some of this reform was driven by the deinstitutionalization movement with an emphasis on community-based care that embraced the concepts of normalization and least restrictive environment. Current frameworks for assessing institutional effectiveness are compared. Highlighting the shift to quality assurance, evidence-based assessment approaches, and their limitations are reviewed as well as their implications at the macro, mezzo, and micro levels of practice. Recognizing that institutions and programs must be continually evolving, the key elements of continuous quality improvement is discussed. Promising practices, such as institutions that are data-driven, using outcomes to generate improvements and innovations coupled with the notion of consumer guided change, are presented.
References
- Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Baruch, Y., & Ramalho, N. (2006). Communalities and distinctions in the measurement of organizational performance and effectiveness across for-profit and nonprofit sectors. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35(1), 39–65.
- Bellamy, D., & Irving, A. (2001). Pioneers. In J. C. Turner & F. J. Turner (Eds.), Canadian social welfare ( 4th ed., pp. 104–105). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Allyn & Bacon.
- Bellin, E., & Dubler, N. N. (2001). The quality improvement-research divide and the need for external oversight. American Journal of Public Health, 91(9), 1512–1517.
- Bickman, L. (1999). Practice makes perfect and other myths about mental health services. American Psychological Association, 54(11), 965–978.
- Bickman, L., Noser, K., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1999). Long term effects of a system of care on children and adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 26, 185–202.
- Blumenthal, D. (1999). Health care reform at the close of the 20th century. New England Journal of Medicine, 340(24), 1916–1920.
-
Briar, K., &
Ryan, R.
(1986).
The anti-institution movement and women caregivers.
Affilia: Journal of Women in Social Work,
20–31.
10.1177/088610998600100104 Google Scholar
- Califano, J. A. (1998). Behind bars: Substance abuse and America's prison population. New York: Columbia University, National Center of Addiction and Substance Abuse. Retrieved February 11, 2007, from www.casacolumbia.org/supportcasa/item.asp?cID=12&PID=108/.
- Cameron, K. (1986). Effectiveness as paradox: Consensus and conflict in conceptions of organizational effectiveness. Management Science, 32(5), 539–553.
- Campbell, J. P. (1977). On the nature of organizational effectiveness. In P. S. Goodman & J. M. Pennings (Eds.), New perspectives on organizational effectiveness (pp. 13–55). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Campbell, J. P., Brownas, E. A., Peterson, N. G., & Dunnette, M. D. (1974). The measurement of organizational effectiveness: A review of relevant research and opinion. Navy Personnel Research and Development Center. Minneapolis, MN: Personnel Decisions.
- Challis, D., Day, P., Klein, R., & Scrivens, E. (1994). Managing quasi-markets: Institutions of regulation. In W. Bartlett, C. Propper, D. Wilson, & J. Le Grand (Eds.), Quasi-markets in the welfare state: The emerging findings (pp. 10–32). Bristol, Avon, England: School for Advanced Urban Studies.
- Chowanec, G. D. (1994). Continuous quality improvement: Conceptual foundations and application to mental health care. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45(8), 789–793.
- Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. (2007). Who are we? Retrieved February 11, 2007, from www.carf.org/consumer.aspx?content=content/About/News/boilerplate.htm.
-
Cotter, A. J. E.,
Salvage, A. V.,
Meyer, J. E., &
Bridges, J.
(1998).
Measuring outcomes of long-term care for older people.
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology,
8,
257–268.
10.1017/S0959259898008387 Google Scholar
- Courtney, M. E., Needell, B., & Wulczyn, F. (2004). Unintended consequences of the push for accountability: The case of national child welfare performance standards. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(12), 1141–1154.
- D'Aunno, T. (1991). The effectiveness of human service organizations. In Y. Hasenfeld (Ed.), Human services as complex organizations (pp. 341–361). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity, and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
- Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
- De Schweinitz, K. (1943). England's road to social security. New York: Barnes.
- Deutsch, A. (1949). The mentally ill in America: A history of their care and treatment from colonial times. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Dickens, P. (1994). Quality and excellence in human services. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley.
- Dill, A., & Rochefort, D. (1989). Coordination, continuity, and centralized control: A policy perspective on service strategies for the chronic mentally ill. Journal of Social Issues, 45(3), 145–159.
- Dimaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160.
- Donabedian, A. (1980). The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press.
- Donabedian, A. (1992). Lecture outlines and illustrative materials [Seminar on quality assessment and assurance]. Oxford: Oxford University, National Institute for Nursing, Brasenose College.
- Dubin, R. (1976). Organizational effectiveness: Some dilemmas of perspective. Organization and Administrative Sciences, 7, 7–14.
- Edwards, E. (1991). Total quality management in higher education. Management Services, 35(12), 18–20.
- Eisinger, P. (2002). Organizational capacity and organizational effectiveness among street-level food assistance programs. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 115–130.
-
Farone, D. W.
(2006).
Schizophrenia, community integration, and recovery: Implications for social work practice.
Social Work in Mental Health,
4(4),
21–36.
10.1300/J200v04n04_02 Google Scholar
- Foley, H. A., Sharfstein, S. S., & Butler, R. N. (1983). Madness and government: Who cares for the mentally ill? Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
- Forbes, D. P. (1998). Measuring the unmeasurable: Empirical studies of nonprofit organization effectiveness from 1977 to 1997. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27, 183–202.
- Foucault, M. (1988). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. New York: Random House.
- French, L. (1987). Victimization of the mentally ill: An unintended consequence of deinstitutionalization. Social Work, 32(6), 502–505.
- Freshwater, D., & Westwood, T. (2006). Risk, detention, and evidence: Humanizing mental health reform. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 13(3), 257–259.
- Fried, R. A. (1992). A crisis in health care. Quality Progress, 24(4), 67–69.
- Friedman, M. B. (2002). Clifford Beers: The origins of modern mental health policy Retrieved February 3, 2007, from the Mental Health Association of Westchester web site:www.mhawestchester.org /advocates/beers802.asp/.
- Georgopolous, B., & Tannenbaum, A. (1957). The study of organizational effectiveness. American Sociological Review, 22, 534–540.
- Gilligan, J. (2001). The last mental hospital. Psychiatric Quarterly, 72(1), 45–61.
- Goffman, E. (1962). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Chicago: Aldine.
- Graham, N. O. (1995). Quality in health care, theory, application and evolution. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Press.
- Hasenfeld, Y. (1983). Human service organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
-
Herman, R. D., &
Renz, D. O.
(1998).
Nonprofit organizational effectiveness: Contrasts between especially effective and less effective organizations.
Nonprofit Management and Leadership,
9(1),
23–38.
10.1002/nml.9102 Google Scholar
- Hermann, R. C., Leff, H. S., Palmer, R. H., Yang, D., Teller, T., Provost, S., et al. (2000). Quality measures for mental health care: Results from a national inventory. Medical Care Research and Review, 57(2), 136–154.
- Honberg, R., & Gruttadaro, D. (2005). Flawed mental health policies and the tragedy of criminalization. Corrections Today, 67(1), 22–27.
- Ivancevitch, D. M., & Ivancevitch, S. H. (1992). TQM in the classroom. Management Accounting, 74(4), 14–15.
- Johnson, N., Jenkinson, S., Kendall, I., & Blackmore, M. (1998). Regulating for quality in the voluntary sector. Journal of Social Policy, 27(3), 307–328.
- Joint Commission. (2007). Our history. Retrieved February 11, 2007, from www.jointcommission.org.
- Lamb, H., & Bachrach, L. (2001). Some perspectives on deinstitutionalization. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1039–1045.
- Lamb, H., Weinberger, L. E., & Gross, B. H. (2004). Mentally ill persons in the criminal justice system: Some perspectives. Psychiatric Quarterly, 75(2), 107–126.
- Lehman, A. F., Postrado, L. T., Roth, D., McNary, S. W., & Goldman, H. H. (1994). Continuity of care and client outcomes in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation program on chronic mental illness. Milbank Quarterly, 72(1), 105–122.
- Markowitz, F. E. (2006). Psychiatric hospital capacity, homelessness, and crime and arrest rates. Criminology, 44(1), 45–72.
- McPheeters, H. (1977). Mental health programs. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 32, 159–169.
- Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340–363.
- J. W. Meyer, & W. R. Scott (Eds.). (1983). Organizational environments. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors & President's Task Force on Performance Measures Technical. (1998). Draft recommended operational definitions and measures to implement the NASMHPD framework of mental health performance indicators. Washington, DC: National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors.
- National Institute of Mental Health. (1977). 1977 standards for accreditation of managed care organizations. Washington, DC: National Committee for Quality Assurance.
- Office of Management and Budget. (2002). Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. Retrieved February 11, 2007, from www.whitehouse.gov/omb/mgmt-gpra/gplaw2m.html.
- O'Malley, C. (1997). Quality measurement for health systems: Accreditation and report cards. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 54(13), 1528–1535.
-
Pandiani, J. A.,
Banks, S. M.,
Simon, M. M.,
van Vleck, M. C., &
Pomeroy, S. M.
(2005).
Access to child and adolescent mental health services.
Journal of Child and Family Studies,
14(3),
431–441.
10.1007/s10826-005-6854-2 Google Scholar
- Patel, K. K., Butler, B., & Wells, K. B. (2006). What is necessary to transform the quality of mental health care? Health Affairs, 25(3), 681–693.
- Patrick, V., Smith, R. C., Schleifer, S. J., Morris, M. E., & McLennon, K. (2006). Facilitating discharge in state psychiatric institutions: A group intervention strategy. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29(3), 183–188.
- Pecora, P. J., Seelig, W. R., Zirps, F. A., & Davis, S. M. (1996). Quality improvement and evaluation in child and family services: Managing into the next century. Washington, DC: CWLA Press.
- Perrow, C. (1965). The analysis of goals in complex organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 26(6), 854–866.
- Price, J. (1972). Organizational effectiveness: An inventory of propositions. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
- Randall, K. (2003). A social contract for deinstitutionalization. Journal of Social Philosophy, 34(3), 475–486.
- Reeves, C. A., & Bednar, D. A. (1994). Defining quality: Alternatives and implications. Academy of Management Review, 19(3), 419–445.
- Rossi, P. H., & Freeman, H. E. (1982). Evaluation: A systematic approach. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Rothman, D. J. (1971). The discovery of the asylum. Boston: Little, Brown.
- Rothman, D. J. (1980). Conscience and convenience: The asylum and its alternatives in progressive America. Boston: Little, Brown.
- Santa Fe Summit on Behavioral Health. (1998). Santa Fe Summit on Behavioral Health: Preserving quality and value in the managed care equation [Final report]. Pittsburgh: American College of Mental Health Administration.
- Scheid, T. L., & Greenley, J. R. (1997). Evaluations of organizational effectiveness in mental health programs. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38(4), 403–426.
- Scott, W. R. (1987). The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 493–511.
- Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizations: Rational, natural, and open systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
-
Segal, S.
(1979).
Community care and deinstitutionalization: A review.
Social Work,
26(6),
521–527.
10.1093/sw/24.6.521 Google Scholar
- Shaller, D. (2004). Implementing and using quality measures for children's health care: Perspectives on the state of the practice. Pediatrics, 113(1), 217–227.
- Sharfstein, S. S. (2000). What ever happened to community mental health? Psychiatric Services, 51(5), 616–620.
- Shojania, K. G., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2005). Evidence-based quality improvement: The state of the science. Health Affairs, 24(1), 138–150.
- Shortell, S. M., Bennett, C. L., & Byck, G. R. (1998). Assessing the impact of continuous quality improvement on clinical practice: What it will take to accelerate progress. Milbank Quarterly, 76(4), 593–632.
-
Starbuck, W. H., &
Nystrom, P. C.
(1983).
Pursuing organizational effectiveness that is ambiguously specified. In
K. S. Cameron &
D. A. Wheelton (Eds.),
Organizational effectiveness: A comparison of multiple models
(pp. 135–161).
New York:
Academic Press.
10.1016/B978-0-12-157180-1.50011-2 Google Scholar
- Steers, R. M. (1975). Problems in measuring organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10, 546–558.
- Styles, P., Boothroyd, R., Snyder, K., & Zong, X. (2002). Service penetration by persons with severe mental illness: How should it be measured? Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 29(2), 198–207.
- Swiss, J. E. (1992). Adapting total quality management to government. Public Administration Review, 52, 356–362.
- Talbott, J. A. (2004). Deinstitutionalization: Avoiding the disasters of the past. Psychiatric Services, 55(10), 1112–1115.
- Thomson O'Brien, M. A., Oxman, A. D., Davis, D. A., Haynes, R. B., Freemantle, N., & Harvey, E. L. (2000). Audit and feedback: Effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Vol. 3, CD000259). Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley.
- Torrey, E. F. (1995). Jails and prisons: America's new mental hospitals. American Journal of Public Health, 85(12), 1611–1613.
- Tsui, A. S. (1990). A multiple-constituency model of effectiveness: An empirical examination at the human resource subunit level. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 458–483.
- Valenstein, M., Mitchinson, A., Ronis, D. L., Alexander, J. A., Duffy, S. A., Craig, T. J., et al. (2004). Quality indicators and monitoring of mental health services: What do frontline providers think? American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(1), 146–153.
- Wright, K. N. (2004). As assessment of the capacity to measure performance among the nation's prison systems. Federal Probation, 68(1), 51–58.
- Yoo, J., & Brooks, D. (2005). The role of organizational variables in predicting service effectiveness: An analysis of a multilevel model. Research on Social Work Practice, 15(4), 267–277.
- Yuchtman, E., & Seashore, S. (1967). A system resource approach to organizational effectiveness. American Sociological Review, 32(6), 891–903.
- Zammuto, R. F. (1982). Assessing organizational effectiveness: Systems change, adaptation, and strategy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Zammuto, R. F. (1984). A comparison of multiple constituency models of organizational effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 9(4), 606–616.
- Zucker, L. G. (1987). Institutional theories of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 443–464.
Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare
Browse other articles of this reference work:
