Evidence-based practice is a promising but widely misunderstood approach to practice that recognizes social work as both a science and an art. The cornerstones of this approach are the client's right to informed consent and to interventions constructed on the strongest possible evidentiary foundation. To date, the literature on evidence-based practice has given scant consideration to the difficulties involved in achieving these objectives in the field. This chapter examines evidence-based practice from the practitioner's viewpoint and addresses both the conceptual challenge of translating evidence into practice and the obstacles that agencies confront in moving practice in this direction.