Nitric Acid, 2. Uses, Nitrous Acid, and Nitrogen Oxides
First published: 26 May 2025
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
| 1 | Uses of Nitric Acid |
| 1.1 | Products |
| 1.1.1 | Fertilizers |
| 1.1.2 | Explosives, Energy Carriers |
| 1.1.3 | Organic Intermediates |
| 1.1.4 | Other Uses |
| 1.2 | Quality Specifications |
| 1.3 | Analysis |
| 1.3.1 | Product Analysis |
| 1.3.2 | Tail Gas Analysis |
| 1.3.3 | Other |
| 1.4 | Storage and Transportation |
| 1.5 | Legal Aspects |
| 1.6 | Economic Aspects |
| 1.6.1 | Production by Regions, Market History, and Development |
| 1.6.2 | Structure of (“Weak Acid”) Manufacturing Costs |
| 1.6.3 | Trade and Prices |
| 1.6.4 | Emission Trading |
| 1.7 | Tail Gas Emissions and Abatement Measures |
| 1.7.1 | Emissions of Nitrogen Monoxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) |
| 1.7.2 | Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) |
| 1.7.3 | Control of NOx Emissions |
| 1.7.3.1 | Improved Absorption |
| 1.7.3.2 | Chemical Scrubbing with Auxiliary Agents |
| 1.7.3.3 | Catalytic Reduction |
| 1.7.4 | Control of N2O Emissions |
| 1.7.4.1 | Primary Measures |
| 1.7.4.2 | Secondary Measures |
| 1.7.4.3 | Tertiary Measures |
| 1.7.4.4 | Quaternary Measures |
| 1.7.4.5 | Combination of Different Measures for N2O and NOx Abatement |
| 1.8 | Waste water and Solid Wastes |
| 1.9 | Toxicology and Occupational Health |
| 2 | Nitrous Acid |
| 2.1 | Properties |
| 2.2 | Production |
| 2.3 | Uses |
| 2.4 | Toxicology and Occupational Health |
| 3 | Nitrogen Oxides |
| 3.1 | Physical Properties |
| 3.2 | Global Sources of NOx Emissions, Climate, and Atmospheric Relevance |
| 3.2.1 | NOx Formation in Combustion Processes |
| 3.2.2 | NOx-Mediated Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere |
| 3.2.3 | NOx-Mediated Ozone Formation in the Troposphere |
| 3.3 | Dinitrogen Monoxide |
| 3.3.1 | Properties |
| 3.3.2 | Production |
| 3.3.3 | Uses |
| 3.3.4 | Sources of Global N2O Emissions and Impact on the Global Climate |
| 3.4 | Nitrogen Monoxide |
| 3.4.1 | Properties |
| 3.4.2 | Production |
| 3.4.3 | Uses |
| 3.5 | Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide |
| 3.5.1 | Properties |
| 3.5.2 | Production |
| 3.5.3 | Uses |
| 3.6 | Dinitrogen Trioxide |
| 3.7 | Dinitrogen Pentoxide |
| 3.8 | Toxicology and Occupational Health |
| 3.8.1 | Dinitrogen Monoxide |
| 3.8.2 | Nitrogen Monoxide |
| 3.8.3 | Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide |
| 3.8.4 | Dinitrogen Trioxide and Dinitrogen Pentoxide |
| 3.8.5 | Effects of Ambient NOx Levels |
| List of Abbreviations | |
| References |
