Absorption, 2. Design of Systems and Equipment

1	Absorption Systems
1.1	Methods of Absorption
1.2	Methods of Desorption
2	Design of Absorption Equipment
2.1	Theoretical-Stage Approach (HETP/NTS)
2.2	Transfer-Unit Approach (HTU/NTU)
2.3	Rate-Based Modeling
3	Design of Desorption Equipment
3.1	Physical Desorption in Flash Columns
3.2	Desorption in Stripping Columns
3.3	Desorption in Reboiler Columns
4	Contactors for Absorption and Desorption
4.1	Columns with Mass-Transfer Trays
4.2	Columns with Random Packing
4.3	Columns with Structured Packing
4.4	Other Contactor Types
	List of Symbols and Abbreviations
	References

Abstract

Absorption processes are commonly used in the chemical industry. This article covers the process principles and the design of the mass-transfer equipment used for absorption and desorption, providing an overview of the state-of-the-art and new developments. The keyword → Absorption presents the fundamental principles of absorption as well as modeling.

References

1Schlünder, R.K. and Thurner, F. (1986) Destillation, Absorption, Extraction, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.
Google Scholar
2Perry, R.H. and Green, P.W. (2008) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 14–1–14–57.
Google Scholar
3Kohl, A.L. and Nielsen, R. (1997) Gas, Purification, 5th edn, Gulf Publ. Co., Houston.
Google Scholar
4Mersmann, A., Kind, M. and Stichlmair, J. (2005) Thermische Verfahrenstechnik: Grundlagen und Methoden, Springer Verlag.
10.1007/3-540-26620-8_96
Google Scholar
5Sattler, K. Thermische Trennverfahren: Grundlagen, Auslegung, Apparate, 3rd edn, Wiley-VCH Verlag.
Google Scholar
6Billet, R. (1973) Industrielle Destillation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
Google Scholar
7Kerry, F.G. (2007) Industrial Gas Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
10.1201/9781420008265
Google Scholar
8Laso, M. and von Stockar, U. (2004) Absorption, in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edn, vol. 1, J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 26–99. doi: 10.1002/0471238961.0102191519201503.a01 (October 2003).
10.1002/0471238961.0102191519201503.a01
Google Scholar
9Billet, R. (1995) Packed Towers, Wiley VCH Verlag.
10.1002/3527605983
Google Scholar
10Gödecke, R. (2006) Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Wiley VCH Verlag.
10.1002/9783527623631
Google Scholar
11https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/engineering/aspen-plus (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
12https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/engineering/aspen-hysys (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
13http://iom.invensys.com/AP/Pages/SimSci_ProcessEngSuite_PROII.aspx (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
14https://www.protreat.com/protreat (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
15https://www.bre.com/ProMax-Main.aspx (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
16http://www.prosim.net/en/index.php (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
17https://www.sulzer.com/en/shared/about-us/2018/07/12/13/03/sulcol-design-program-for-mass-transfer-columns (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
18http://www.koch-glitsch.com/software/default.aspx (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
19http://www.raschig.de/index-en.php (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
20Jacimovic, B.M. and Genic, S. (1996) Use a New Approach to Find Murphree Tray Efficiency, React. Sep. Chem. Eng. Progr.
Google Scholar
21Zarzycki, R., Chacuk, A. and Coulson, J.M. (2013) Absorption: Fundamentals & Applications, Pergamon Press.
Google Scholar
22Lewis, W.K. and Whitman, W.G. (1924) Principles of Gas Transfer Absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem. 16 (12), 1215–1237.
10.1021/ie50180a002
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
23Higbie, R. (1935) Trans. AIChE 3, 365–389.
Google Scholar
24Danckwerts, P.V. (1951) Significance of Liquid-Film Coefficients in Gas Absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem. 43 (6), 1460.
10.1021/ie50498a055
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
25Frossling, N. (1938) Gerlands Beitr Geophys. 52, 1163–1176.
Google Scholar
26Onda, K., Takeuchi, H. and Okumoto, Y. (1968) Mass Transfer Coefficients between Gas and Liquid Phases in Packed Columns, Chem. Eng. J. Jpn. 1, 56–62.
10.1252/jcej.1.56
CAS Google Scholar
27Hanley, B. and Chen, C.C. (2012) New Mass-Transfer Correlations for Packed Tower, AIChE J. 58, 132–152.
10.1002/aic.12574
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
28Billet, R. and Schultes, M. (1993) Predicting Mass Transfer in Packed Columns, Chem. Eng. Technol. 16, 1.
10.1002/ceat.270160102
CAS Google Scholar
29Gilliland, E.R. and Sherwood, T.K. (1934) Ind. Eng. Chem. 26, 516.
10.1021/ie50293a010
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
30Razi, N., Svendsen, H. and Bolland, O. (2014) Assessment of Mass Transfer Correlations in Rate-Based Modeling of a Large-Scale CO₂ Capture with MEA, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 26, 93.
10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.04.019
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
31Hanuscha, F., Engelb, V., Kendera, R., et al. (2018) Development and Application of the TUM-WelChem Cell Model for Prediction of Liquid Distribution in Random Packed Columns, Chem. Eng. Trans. 69, 739–744.
Google Scholar
32Haroun, Y., Raynal, L. and Legendre, D. (2012) Mass Transfer and Liquid Hold-Up Determination in Structured Packing by CFD, Chem. Eng. Sci. 75, 342–348.
10.1016/j.ces.2012.03.011
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
33Ahn, H., Luberti, M., Liu, Z. and Brandani, S. (2013) Process Configuration Studies of the Amine Capture Process for Coal-Fired Power Plants, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 16, 29–40.
10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.03.002
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
34Trambouze, P. (2002) Les réacteurs chimiques: de la conception à la mise en oeuvre. Editions OPHRYS.
Google Scholar
35Herbert, S. and Sandford, N. (2016) Consider Moving to Fixed Valves, Chem. Eng. Prog. (CEP) 34–41.
Google Scholar
36 Sulzer Brochure High Performance Trays – Enhanced Deck and Downcomer Technology. https://www.sulzer.com/-/media/files/products/separation-technology/high-performance-trays/high_performance_trays.ashx (accessed 6 August 2019).
Google Scholar
37 Koch Glitsch Brochure, (2015) Superfrac High Performance Trays.
Google Scholar
38 Montz. http://www.montz.de/en-gb/montz-kreuzstromboden-ksg (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
39Górak, A. and Schoenmakers, H. (2014) Distillation: Operation and Applications, Elsevier Science.
Google Scholar
40 RVT Brochure, Füllkörper für den Stoff- und Wärmeübergang.
Google Scholar
41 Sulzer Brochure, (2018) Random Packing: From Competitive Products to Advanced Solutions.
Google Scholar
42 Raschig Brochure, MASS TRANSFER PRODUCTS Product Bulletin 101.
Google Scholar
43 Koch Glitsch Brochure, (2015) METAL Random Packing.
Google Scholar
44Nakov, S., et al. (2007) Comparison of Effective Area of Some Highly Effective Packings, Chem. Eng. Process. 46, 1385–1390.
10.1016/j.cep.2006.11.002
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
45Schultes, M. (2003) Raschig Super Ring – A New Fourth Generation Packing Offers New Advantages, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 81, 48–57.
10.1205/026387603321158186
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
46Nieuwoudt, I., Corio, C. and Degarmo, J. (2010) Improvements in Random Packing Performance, PTQ Q4, 67–75.
Google Scholar
47 Sulzer Brochure, (2018) Sulzer Technical Review 1/2018.
Google Scholar
48 Koch Glitsch Brochure, (2015) Intalox Ultra Random Packing.
Google Scholar
49Maćkowiak, J. (2010) Fluid Dynamics of Packed Columns: Principles of the Fluid Dynamic Design of Columns for Gas/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Systems, Springer Verlag.
10.1007/b98397
Google Scholar
50https://www.protreat.com/files/publications/133/Contactor_Vol_7_No_6.pdf (accessed 29 July 2019).
Google Scholar
51Raju, K.S. (2011) Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer: Chemical Engineering Practice, J. Wiley & Sons.
10.1002/9780470909973
Google Scholar
52Olujic, Z. (2007) DISTILLATION | Packed Columns: High Capacity Internals, in Encyclopedia of Separation Science, pp. 1–5.
Google Scholar
53Long, N.V.D. and Lee, M. Retrofit and Debottlenecking by Modifying Column Internals, in Advances in Distillation Retrofit, Springer Singapore.
Google Scholar
54 Koch Glitsch (2015) Structured Packing, Brochure.
Google Scholar
55 Montz Hochleistungs-Strukturpackungen, Brochure.
Google Scholar
56 Sulzer Structured Packings, Brochure.
Google Scholar
57 RVT Strukturierte Packungen aus Metall oder Kunststoff, Brochure.
Google Scholar
58Schultes, M. (2008) Raschig Super-Pak: A New Structure with Innovative Advantages, Chem. Ing. Tech. 80 (7), 927–933.
10.1002/cite.200800045
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
59Chambers, S. and Schultes, M. (2019) Reaching New Performance Levels with Surface Enhanced Raschig Super-Pak Structured Packings, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
Google Scholar
60https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/mkb/documents/fsprytwr.pdf (accessed 30 July 2019).
Google Scholar
61Seyboth, O., Zimmermann, S., Heidel, B. and Scheffknecht, G. (2014) Development of a Spray Scrubbing Process for Post Combustion CO₂ Capture with Amine Based Solvents, Energy Procedia 63, 1667–1677.
10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.176
CAS Google Scholar
62 EPA/452/B-02-001. Wet Scrubbers for Acid Gas – EPA SO2 and Acid Gas Controls.
Google Scholar
63Unyaphan, S., Tarnpradab, T., Takahashi, F. and Yoshikawa, K. (2017) An Investigation of Low Cost and Effective Tar Removal Techniques by Venturi Scrubber Producing Syngas Microbubbles and Absorbent Regeneration for Biomass Gasification, Energy Proc. 105, 406–412.
10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.333
Google Scholar
64Garcia, G.E.C., van der Schaaf, J. and Kiss, A.A. (2017) A Review on Process Intensification in HiGee Distillation, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 92 (6), 1136–1156.
10.1002/jctb.5206
Web of Science® Google Scholar
65Oko, E., Wang, M. and Joel, A.S. (2017) Current Status and Future Development of Solvent-Based Carbon Capture, Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol. 4 (1), 5–14.
10.1007/s40789-017-0159-0
CAS Google Scholar
66Neumann, K., Gladyszewski, K., Groß, K., et al. (2018) A Guide on the Industrial Application of Rotating Packed Beds, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 134, 443–462.
10.1016/j.cherd.2018.04.024
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
67 Drioli, Stankiewicz, Macedonio (2011) Membrane Engineering in Process Intensification—An Overview, J. Membr. Sci. 380, 1–8.
10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.043
Web of Science® Google Scholar
68Herzog, H and Pedersen, O. (2000) The Kvaerner Membrane reactor: lessons from a case study in how to reduce capture costs. 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Cairns, Australia, August 13–16.
Google Scholar
69Bazhenov, S.D., Bildyukevich, A.V. and Volkov, A.V. (2018) Gas-Liquid Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors for Different Applications, Fibers 6, 76.
10.3390/fib6040076
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
70Zhou, S.J., Li, S., Meyer, H., Ding, Y., and Bikson, B. (2013) Hybrid Membrane/Absorption Process for Post-combustion CO₂ Capture. NETL CO₂ Capture Technology Meeting, July 10, 2013.
Google Scholar
71Hoff, K.A. and Svendsen, H.F. (2013) CO₂ Absorption with Membrane Contactors vs. Packed Absorbers – Challenges and Opportunities in Post Combustion Capture and Natural Gas Sweetening, Energy Procedia 37, 952–960.
10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.190
CAS Google Scholar

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

Browse other articles of this reference work:

Absorption, 2. Design of Systems and Equipment

View previous versions

Absorption, 2. Design of Systems and Equipment

Absorption

Abstract

Abstract

References

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Absorption, 2. Design of Systems and Equipment

View previous versions

Absorption, 2. Design of Systems and Equipment

Absorption

Abstract

Abstract

References

References

Related

Information