Weed Control, 1. Fundamentals

1.	Introduction
1.1.	Definitions of Weeds
1.2.	Losses from Weeds
2.	Biology of Weeds
2.1.	Plant Types
2.1.1.	Land Plants
2.1.2.	Aquatic Plants
2.1.3.	Parasitic Seed Plants
2.2.	Life Cycles
2.2.1.	Annuals
2.2.2.	Biennials
2.2.3.	Perennials
2.3.	Reproduction
2.4.	Interference Between Crops and Weeds
2.4.1.	Competition
2.4.2.	Allelopathy
2.5.	Biological Variability and Adaptability in Relation to Control Systems
2.5.1.	Species Shifts
2.5.2.	Resistance Development within a Species
3.	General Concepts Underlying Weed Control
4.	Physical Methods of Weed Control
4.1.	Manual Methods
4.2.	Tillage Methods
4.3.	Mowing and Cutting
4.4.	Flooding
4.5.	Mulching
4.6.	Use of Heat
5.	Biological Control of Weeds
5.1.	Herbivore Management
5.2.	Classical Biological Control
5.3.	Inundative Biological Control
6.	Controlling Weeds by Habitat Management
7.	Chemical Control of Weeds
7.1.	History and Introduction
7.2.	Adjuvants
7.2.1.	Surfactants
7.2.2.	Oils
7.2.3.	Drift Retardants
7.2.4.	Other Adjuvants
7.3.	Herbicide Formulations
7.3.1.	Spray Formulations
7.3.1.1.	Soluble Concentrates (SC)
7.3.1.2.	Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
7.3.1.3.	Wettable Powders (WP)
7.3.1.4.	Flowables (F)
7.3.1.5.	Dispersible Granules or Dry Flowables (DF)
7.3.1.6.	Invert Emulsions
7.3.1.7.	Encapsulated Formulations
7.3.2.	Formulations Applied Dry
7.3.3.	Active Ingredient vs. Acid Equivalent
7.4.	Factors Influencing Foliage-Applied Herbicides
7.5.	Factors Influencing Soil-Applied Herbicides
7.5.1.	Microbiological Effects
7.5.2.	Adsorption on Soil Colloids
7.5.3.	Chemical Decomposition
7.5.4.	Leaching
7.5.5.	Volatilization
7.5.6.	Photodecomposition
7.5.7.	Uptake and Translocation from the Soil
7.6.	Selective Action of Herbicides
7.7.	Classification of Herbicides
8.	Economic Aspects
9.	Regulatory Aspects of Pesticides
10.	General Comments

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