Films
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
| 1 | Introduction |
| 2 | Production Technology |
| 2.1 | Solvent Casting |
| 2.2 | Thermoplastic Film Forming |
| 2.2.1 | Calendering |
| 2.2.2 | Extrusion |
| 2.2.2.1 | Chill Roll Extrusion (Cast-Film Extrusion) |
| 2.2.2.2 | Film Blowing (Blown-Bubble Extrusion) |
| 2.2.3 | Skiving |
| 2.2.4 | Coextrusion (Die Technology) |
| 2.3 | Reactive Casting |
| 2.4 | Stretching |
| 2.4.1 | Monoaxial Stretching (Solid-State Orientation) |
| 2.4.2 | Biaxial Stretching (Solid-State Orientation) |
| 2.4.2.1 | Sequential Stretching |
| 2.4.2.2 | Simultaneous Stretching |
| 2.5 | Film Modification and Converting |
| 2.5.1 | Surface Treatment |
| 2.5.2 | Coating |
| 2.5.3 | Lamination |
| 2.5.4 | Texturizing |
| 3 | Additives |
| 3.1 | Stabilizers |
| 3.2 | Plasticizers |
| 3.3 | Slip or Antiblocking Agents |
| 3.4 | Fillers and Dyes |
| 3.5 | Antistatic Agents |
| 3.6 | Weathering Stabilizers |
| 4 | Delivery Forms |
| 5 | Characterization Methods |
| 6 | Film Products |
| 6.1 | Cellulose Derivatives |
| 6.1.1 | Cellulose Hydrate |
| 6.1.2 | Cellulose Esters |
| 6.2 | Hydrocarbon Polymers |
| 6.2.1 | Polyethylene (PE) |
| 6.2.2 | Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) |
| 6.2.3 | High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) |
| 6.2.4 | Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) |
| 6.2.5 | Polypropylene (PP) |
| 6.2.6 | Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) |
| 6.2.7 | Ionomers |
| 6.2.8 | Polystyrene (PS) |
| 6.3 | Halogenated Hydrocarbon Polymers |
| 6.3.1 | Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) |
| 6.3.1.1 | Rigid PVC |
| 6.3.1.2 | Plasticized PVC |
| 6.3.2 | Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) |
| 6.3.3 | Fluoropolymers |
| 6.3.3.1 | Poly(Vinyl Fluoride) (PVF) |
| 6.3.3.2 | Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Its Copolymers |
| 6.3.3.3 | Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) |
| 6.3.3.4 | Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) |
| 6.4 | Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) |
| 6.5 | Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) |
| 6.6 | Ethylene–Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) |
| 6.7 | Polyamide (PA) |
| 6.8 | Polyester |
| 6.9 | Polycarbonate (PC) |
| 6.10 | Polysulfone (PSU) |
| 6.11 | Polyimide (PI) |
| 6.12 | Other Films |
| 6.12.1 | Polyetherimide (PEI) |
| 6.12.2 | Polyethersulfone (PES) |
| 6.12.3 | Poly(ether ketone) (PEK) |
| 6.12.4 | Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) (PPS) |
| 6.13 | Composite Films |
| 7 | Summary of Uses |
| 7.1 | Packaging |
| 7.2 | Electrical Insulation |
| 7.3 | Base Films for Functional Coatings |
| 7.4 | Miscellaneous |
| 8 | Environmental Aspects |
| List of Abbreviations | |
| References |
