Coal Pyrolysis
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
| 1. | Introduction |
| 2. | Thermoplastic Properties of Coal |
| 2.1. | Development of Thermoplasticity |
| 2.1.1. | Softening |
| 2.1.2. | Swelling |
| 2.1.3. | Resolidification |
| 2.2. | Experimental Methods |
| 2.3. | Experimental Variables |
| 2.3.1. | Coal Rank and Petrographic Composition |
| 2.3.2. | Heating Rate |
| 2.3.3. | Particle Size |
| 2.3.4. | Pressure |
| 2.3.5. | Atmosphere |
| 2.3.6. | Preoxidation |
| 2.3.7. | Additives |
| 2.4. | Coke Microstructure and Mesophase Formation |
| 2.4.1. | Microscopic Characterization |
| 2.4.2. | Carbonaceous Mesophase |
| 2.4.3. | Modification of Optical Texture and Properties |
| 3. | Yield and Distribution of Pyrolysis Products |
| 3.1. | Experimental Methods |
| 3.1.1. | Muffle Furnace |
| 3.1.2. | Thermogravimetric Analyzers (TGA) |
| 3.1.3. | Wire-Mesh Reactors |
| 3.1.4. | Flow Reactors |
| 3.1.5. | Fixed-Bed Reactors |
| 3.1.6. | Fluidized-Bed Reactors |
| 3.1.7. | Summary of Methods |
| 3.2. | Experimental Variables |
| 3.2.1. | Final Temperature and Residence Time |
| 3.2.2. | Coal Rank |
| 3.2.3. | Heating Rate |
| 3.2.4. | Pressure |
| 3.2.5. | Atmosphere |
| 3.2.6. | Summary of Parameter Sensitivity |
| 4. | Pyrolysis Kinetics and Modeling |
| 5. | Pyrolysis Processes |
| 5.1. | High-Temperature Processes |
| 5.1.1. | Coke Ovens |
| 5.1.2. | Formed-Coke Processes |
| 5.1.3. | Coke Properties |
| 5.1.4. | Byproducts |
| 5.1.5. | Environmental Aspects |
| 5.2. | Low-Temperature Processes |
| 5.3. | Contemporary Processes |
