Blood
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1. |
Introduction |
2. |
Composition, Physiology and Chemical Properties of Blood |
2.1. |
Blood Cells |
2.1.1. |
Hematopoiesis, Stem Cells |
2.1.2. |
Red Cells, Hemoglobin |
2.1.3. |
Leukocytes, Cytokins |
2.1.4. |
Thrombocytes |
2.2. |
Plasma Proteins |
2.2.1. |
Analysis of Plasma |
2.2.2. |
Coagulation Factors |
2.2.3. |
Fibrinolysis System |
2.2.4. |
Plasma Proteinase Inhibitors |
2.2.5. |
Immunoglobulins |
2.2.6. |
Albumin |
3. |
Production |
3.1. |
Blood and Plasma Donation |
3.2. |
Substances Derived from Blood Cells |
3.3. |
Fractionation of Plasma |
3.3.1. |
Quality Requirements |
3.3.2. |
Preparation of Intermediate Products |
3.3.3. |
Purification of Plasma Proteins |
3.4. |
Recombinant Proteins |
3.5. |
Adverse Drug Reactions of Blood Products |
3.5.1. |
Immunogenicity |
3.5.2. |
Thrombogenicity |
3.5.3. |
Transmittable Pathogens |
4. |
Therapeutic Uses |
4.1. |
Blood Components |
4.1.1. |
Blood and Stem Cell Preparations |
4.1.2. |
Fresh Frozen Plasma |
4.2. |
Hemoglobin-Derived Oxygen Carriers |
4.3. |
Cytokins |
4.4. |
Coagulation Factors |
4.5. |
Plasminogen Activators |
4.6. |
Inhibitors |
4.7. |
Immunoglobulins |
4.8. |
Albumin |
5. |
Economic Aspects |
Blood is a multifunctional transport medium of vital importance for the body of higher organisms. Its composition is very complex and includes various cell systems with peculiar functions, proteins, electrolytes, metabolites, and highly sophisticated mediator systems. Both cells and plasma, which can be separated by centrifugation, can be used as and further processed into medicines. Serum is the fluid remaining after coagulation of the blood. In this review, blood cell systems and plasma proteins are referred to and medicinal aspects including blood and plasma collection and processing are described. The medicines derived from blood and plasma, as well as basic research and clinical trials should keep an important place because of the medicine as a whole benefits extremely from transfusions and, in particular, hemophiliacs gain an enormous improvement of life quality and life expectancy.
