This chapter examines the intellectual property protection available to those in the business of pharmacogenomics and how such protection is applied toward medical advancement, drug discovery, and creation of value for shareholders. The chapter explores the types of business models and commercial arrangements – including licensing and collaborative partnerships – used by those in the field to optimize pharmacogenomic endpoints and therapies. Only by understanding the methods of protection for such important intellectual property as genes, ESTs, SNPs, genomic databases, and various technology platforms, as well as the spectrum of relationships built around such property to capture its value, can the commercial aspects of pharmacogenomics be fully understood.