Human genetics research raises concerns for members of many people, including minority groups. General concerns with special implications for minority groups include informed consent, including group consent or community consultation; control over research data and materials; confidentiality; return of relevant information; and commercialism. Concerns that more peculiarly affect minority groups include the effects of the research on racism, either through inadvertent stigmatization, intentional misuse of data, or the consequences of misfocused research. Members of minority groups may also have reasonable concerns about the long term effects of successful pharmacogenomic research on health care for their members.