Abstract
The sections in this article are
- 1 Position and Direction on Earth, Compasses and Gyros
- 2 Direction Finding in The Earth’S Magnetic Field, Error Sources, and Gyro Operation
- 3 More Detailed Analysis of The Earth’S Magnetic Field, Coordinate Systems, and New Developments
Bibliography
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J. T. Verdeyen
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10.2143/ETL.71.4.504870 Google Scholar
Reading List
- R. Anderson H. R. Bilger G. E. Stedman “Sagnac” effect: A century of earth-rotated interferometers, Am. J. Phys., 62: 975–985, 1994.
- S. Chapman J. Bartels Geomagnetism, vol. I, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, reprint 1951.
- B. Culshaw J. Dakin (eds.) Optical Fiber Sensors, vol. IV, Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1997.
- Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center, Handbook of Magnetic Compass Adjustment and Compensation, DMAHTC Publication No. 226.
- Director, Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Center, Washington DC, American Practical Navigator, vols. I–II. The 1977 edition is published by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Center, Washington, DC 1977. The first edition was published in 1802. These volumes are generally known as “Bowditch.”
-
H. Gerhardt
H. Welling
A. Güttner Measurements of the laser linewidth due to quantum phase and quantum amplitude noise above and below threshold, Z. Phys., 253: 113–126, 1972. Equation (8) had been proposed already by Townes, except for a factor
- G. Hochstrasser Détermination de formes et de largeurs de raies très fines en résonance magnétique nucléaire, Helv. Phys. Acta, 34: 189–239, 1961. This paper shows that with the nuclear magnetic resonance technique, the earth’s field can be measured at the earth’s surface down into the natural fluctuations of it, which are of the order of magnitude of 0.1 nT for short-term fluctuations, but can be as large as several tens of nanotesla over one day.
- J. A. Jacobs (ed.) Geomagnetism, vol. 1, London: Academic, 1987.
- R. T. Merrill M. W. McElhinny P. L. McFadden The Magnetic Field of the Earth: Paleomagnetism, the Core, and the Deep Mantle, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1996.
- S. P. Parker (ed.) McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. This dictionary has been used throughout this article for spelling and definition of scientific and technical terms.
- J. C. Smith F. G. Smith The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for the year 1980, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979. This is an annually issued volume since the original British edition of 1767. The data are predicted for each coming year. As the somewhat random announcements of leap seconds, up to twice annually, shows, the times in this Coordinated Universal Time System (UTC) are uncertain at a level of a fractional second, and the corresponding angular uncertainties are uncertain by up to several arcseconds. In the Atomic Time System (TAI), this type of error is greatly reduced.
- H. Statz et al. The multioscillator ring laser gyroscope, in M. L. Stitch and M. Bass (eds.), Laser Handbook, vol. 4, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985, pp. 229–332.
Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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