Editorial
Free Access
Respiratory symptoms and small airway dysfunction in current and former smokers without spirometric COPD
Neil C Thomson MB ChB, MD, FRCP, FERS,
Neil C Thomson MB ChB, MD, FRCP, FERS
Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Search for more papers by this authorNeil C Thomson MB ChB, MD, FRCP, FERS,
Neil C Thomson MB ChB, MD, FRCP, FERS
Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
References
- 1Woodruff PG, Barr RG, Bleecker E, Christenson SA, Couper D, Curtis JL, Gouskova NA, Hansel NN, Hoffman EA, Kanner RE et al. Clinical Significance of Symptoms in Smokers with Preserved Pulmonary Function. New Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1811–21.
- 2Regan EA, Lynch DA, Curran-Everett D, Curtis JL, Austin JH, Grenier PA, Kauczor HU, Bailey WC, DeMeo DL, Casaburi RH et al. Clinical and radiologic disease in smokers with normal spirometry. JAMA Intern. Med. 2015; 175: 1539–49.
- 3Thomson NC. Asthma and smoking-induced airway disease without spirometric COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49: 1602061.
- 4Rodriguez-Roisin R, Han MK, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Woodruff PG, Martinez FJ. Chronic Respiratory Symptoms with Normal Spirometry: A Reliable Clinical Entity? Am J Resir Crit. Care Med. 2017; 195: 17–22.
- 5Niewoehner DE, Kleinerman J, Rice DB. Pathologic Changes in the Peripheral Airways of Young Cigarette Smokers. N. Engl. J. Med. 1974; 291: 755–8.
- 6McDonough JE, Yuan R, Suzuki M, Seyednejad N, Elliott WM, Sanchez PG, Wright AC, Gefter WB, Litzky L, Coxson HO et al. Small-Airway Obstruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 365: 1567–75.
- 7Verbanck S, Schuermans D, Meysman M, Paiva M, Vincken W. Noninvasive Assessment of Airway Alterations in Smokers: The Small Airways Revisited. Am J Resir Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 414–9.
- 8Faria ACD, da Costa AA, Lopes AJ, Jansen JM, de Melo PL. Forced oscillation technique in the detection of smoking-induced respiratory alterations: diagnostic accuracy and comparison with spirometry. Clinics 2010; 65: 1295–304.
- 9Elbehairy AF, Guenette JA, Faisal A, Ciavaglia CE, Webb KA, Jensen D, Ramsook AH, Neder JA, O'Donnell DE; Canadian Respiratory Research Network. Mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in symptomatic smokers without COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2016; 48: 694–705.
- 10Bhatt SP, Soler X, Wang X, Murray S, Anzueto AR, Beaty TH, Boriek AM, Casaburi R, Criner GJ, Diaz AA et al. Association between Functional Small Airway Disease and FEV1 Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Resir Crit. Care Med. 2016; 194: 178–84.
- 11Martinez CH, Diaz AA, Meldrum C, Curtis JL, Cooper CB, Pirozzi C, Kanner RE, Paine R 3rd, Woodruff PG, Bleecker ER et al. Age and Small Airway Imaging Abnormalities in Subjects With and Without Airflow in SPIROMICS. Am J Resir Crit. Care Med. 2017; 195: 464–72.
- 12Bodduluri S, Reinhardt J, Hoffman E, Newell Jr J, Nath H, Dransfield M, Bhatt SP; COPDGene Investigators. Signs of Gas Trapping in Normal Lung Density Regions in Smokers. Am J Resir Crit. Care Med 2017; 196: 1404–10.
- 13Jetmalani K, Thamrin C, Farah CS, Bertolin A, Chapman DG, Berend N, Salome CM, King GG. Peripheral airway dysfunction and relationship with symptoms in smokers with preserved spirometry. Respirology 2017; 23: 512–518
- 14Verbanck S, Schuermans D, Paiva M, Meysman M, Vincken W. Small Airway Function Improvement after Smoking Cessation in Smokers without Airway Obstruction. Am J Resir Crit. Care Med. 2006; 174: 853–7.
- 15Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Spears M, Messow C-M, MacNee W, Connell M, Murchison JT, Sproule M, McSharry C. Poor symptom control is associated with reduced CT scan segmental airway lumen area in smokers with asthma. Chest 2015; 147: 735–44.