A Transdisciplinary Framework for SLA in a Multilingual World
The Douglas Fir Group
The authors of this article are, in alphabetical order: Dwight Atkinson, University of Arizona; Heidi Byrnes, Georgetown University; Meredith Doran, The Pennsylvania State University; Patricia Duff, University of British Columbia; Nick C. Ellis, University of Michigan; Joan Kelly Hall, The Pennsylvania State University; Karen E. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University; James P. Lantolf, The Pennsylvania State University; Diane Larsen–Freeman, University of Michigan and University of Pennsylvania; Eduardo Negueruela, University of Miami; Bonny Norton, University of British Columbia; Lourdes Ortega, Georgetown University; John Schumann, UCLA; Merrill Swain, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto; and Elaine Tarone, University of Minnesota.
Search for more papers by this authorThe Douglas Fir Group
The authors of this article are, in alphabetical order: Dwight Atkinson, University of Arizona; Heidi Byrnes, Georgetown University; Meredith Doran, The Pennsylvania State University; Patricia Duff, University of British Columbia; Nick C. Ellis, University of Michigan; Joan Kelly Hall, The Pennsylvania State University; Karen E. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University; James P. Lantolf, The Pennsylvania State University; Diane Larsen–Freeman, University of Michigan and University of Pennsylvania; Eduardo Negueruela, University of Miami; Bonny Norton, University of British Columbia; Lourdes Ortega, Georgetown University; John Schumann, UCLA; Merrill Swain, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto; and Elaine Tarone, University of Minnesota.
Search for more papers by this author
REFERENCES
- H. S. Alim, A. Ibrahim, & A. Pennycook (Eds.). (2009). Global linguistic flows: Hip hop cultures, youth identities, and the politics of language. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Altieri, C. (1994). Subjective agency. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
- Ambridge, B., & Lieven, E. (2011). Child language acquisition: Contrasting theoretical approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
- Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large. Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Armstrong, T. C. (2013). “Why won't you speak to me in Gaelic?” Authenticity, integration, and the heritage language learning project. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 12, 340–356.
- Astarita, A. C. (2015). The foreign language learning experiences of first-generation college and/or self-identified working class college students. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI.
- D. Atkinson (Ed.). (2011). Alternative approaches to second language acquisition. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
10.4324/9780203830932 Google Scholar
- Atkinson, D. (2014). Language learning in mindbodyworld: A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition. Language Teaching, 47, 467–483.
- Augsburg, T. (2014). Becoming transdisciplinary: The emergence of the transdisciplinary individual. World Futures, 70, 1–14.
10.1080/02604027.2014.934639 Google Scholar
- Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by M. M. Bakhtin (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
- Barac, R., Bialystok, E., Castro, D. C., & Sanchez, M. (2014). The cognitive development of young dual language learners: A critical review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 699–714.
- Bauman, R. (2000). Language, identity, performance. Pragmatics, 10, 1–5.
10.1075/prag.10.1.01bau Google Scholar
- Baynham, M. (2006). Agency and contingency in the language learning of refugees and asylum seekers. Linguistics and Education, 17, 24–39.
10.1016/j.linged.2006.08.008 Google Scholar
- Beckner, C., Blythe, R., Bybee, J., Christiansen, M. H., Croft, W., Ellis, N. C., Holland, J., Ke, J., Larsen–Freeman, D., & Schoenemann, T. (2009). Language is a complex adaptive system. Position paper, Language Learning, 59(Supplement 1), 1–27
- Bialystok, E., Poarch, G., Luo, L., & Craik, F. I. M. (2014). Effects of bilingualism and aging on executive function and working memory. Psychology and Aging, 29, 696–705.
- Bigelow, M. H. (2014). Blending social and cognitive research traditions in language learning and teaching: A matter of mentoring and modeling. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36, 402–407.
- Bigelow, M. H., & Tarone, E. (2004). The role of literacy level in second language acquisition: Doesn't who we study determine what we know? TESOL Quarterly, 38, 689–700.
- Birdsong, D. (2014). The critical period hypothesis for second language acquisition: Tailoring the coat of many colors. In M. Pawlak & L. Aronin (Eds.), Essential topics in applied linguistics and multilingualism: Studies in honor of David Singleton (pp. 43–50). New York: Springer.
10.1007/978-3-319-01414-2_3 Google Scholar
- Blackledge, A. (2005). Discourse and power in a multilingual world. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/dapsac.15 Google Scholar
- Blackledge, A., & Creese, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? Modern Language Journal, 94, 103–115.
- Bley–Vroman, R. (2009). The evolving context of the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 31, 175–198
- Block, D. (2003). The social turn in second language acquisition. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
- Block, D. (2014a). Second language identities ( 2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury.
- Block, D. (2014b). Social class in applied linguistics. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Blommaert, J. (2010). The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511845307 Google Scholar
- Blommaert, J., & Backus, A. (2011). Repertoires revisited: ‘Knowing language’ in superdiversity. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies, 67. Accessed 23 July 2012 at http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/education/research/ldc/publications/workingpapers/67.pdf
- Borg, S. (2015). Teacher cognition and language education: Research and practice. London: Bloomsbury.
- Boyd, J., & Goldberg, A. (2009). Input effects within a constructionist framework. Modern Language Journal, 93, 418–429.
- Broner, M., & Tarone, E. (2001). Is it fun? Language play in a fifth grade Spanish immersion classroom. Modern Language Journal, 85, 363–379.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.4159/9780674028845 Google Scholar
- Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2007). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. Lerner (Eds.) Handbook of child psychology (pp. 793–828). New York: Wiley.
10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114 Google Scholar
- Brown, J. D. (2014). Mixed methods research for TESOL. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Brown, P. (2011). The cultural organization of attention. In A. Duranti, E. Ochs, & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), The handbook of language socialization (pp. 29–55). Malden, MA: Wiley–Blackwell.
10.1002/9781444342901.ch2 Google Scholar
- Burns, A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching: A guide for practitioners. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Bybee, J., & Hopper, P. (2001). Introduction to frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. In J. Bybee & P. Hopper (Eds.), Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure (pp. 1–24). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/tsl.45.01byb Google Scholar
- Bygate, M. (2004). Some trends in applied linguistics: Towards a generic view. AILA Review, 17, 6–22.
10.1075/aila.17.04byg Google Scholar
- Byrnes, H. (2006). What kind of resource is language and why does it matter for advanced language learning? An introduction. In H. Byrnes (Ed.), Advanced language learning: The contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky (pp. 1–28). New York: Continuum.
- Byrnes, H. (2013). Renting language in the ownership society: Reflections on language use and language learning in a multilingual world. In J. Arnold & T. Murphey (Eds.), Meaningful action: Earl Stevick's influence on language teaching (pp. 216–234). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Byrnes, H. (2014a). Linking task and writing for language development: Evidence from a genre-based curricular approach. In H. Byrnes & R. M. Manchón (Eds.), Task-based language learning: Insights from and for writing (pp. 235–261). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Byrnes, H. (2014b). Theorizing language development at the intersection of ‘task’ and L2 writing: Reconsidering complexity. In H. Byrnes & R. M. Manchón (Eds.), Task-based language learning: Insights from and for writing (pp. 79–103). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Byrnes, H., Weger–Guntharp, H., & Sprang, K. A. (Eds.). (2006). Educating for advanced foreign language capacities. Construct, curriculum, instruction, assessment. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
- R. M. Callahan, & P. C. Gándara (Eds.). (2014). The bilingual advantage: Language, literacy and the US labor market. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781783092437 Google Scholar
- Canagarajah, S. (2013). Skilled migration and development: Portable communicative resources for transnational work. Multilingual Education, 3, article 8.
10.1186/2191-5059-3-8 Google Scholar
- Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1–47.
10.1093/applin/1.1.1 Google Scholar
- Cenoz, J. (2015). Content-based instruction and content and language integrated learning: The same or different? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28, 8–24.
- Chiswick, B. R., & Miller, P. W. (2015). International migration and the economics of language. In B. R. Chiswick & P. W. Miller (Eds.), Handbook in economics (Volume 1A): Economics of international migration (pp. 211–269). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- Cicourel, A. (2007). A personal, retrospective view of ecological validity. Text & Talk, 27, 735–752.
- Clark, H. H. (1996). Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511620539 Google Scholar
- Collins, J. (2014). Literacy practices, linguistic anthropology and social inequality. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies, 143. Accessed 15 November 2014 at: https://www.academia.edu/9277086/WP143_Collins_2014._Literacy_practices_linguistic_anthropology_and_social_inequality
- Cook, V. (2002). Background of the L2 user. In V. Cook (Ed.), Portraits of the L2 user (pp. 1–28). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781853595851-003 Google Scholar
- V. Cook, & Li Wei. (Eds.). (2016). Cambridge handbook of linguistic multicompetence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9781107425965 Google Scholar
- Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learner's errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 5, 161–170.
- Cumming, A. (2013). Multiple dimensions of academic language and literacy development. Language Learning, 63(S1), 130–152.
- Cummins, J. (2007). Rethinking monolingual instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10, 221–240.
- Dagenais, D. (2003). Accessing imagined communities through multilingualism and immersion education. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 2, 269–283.
10.1207/S15327701JLIE0204_3 Google Scholar
- Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2015). Identity and a model of investment in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 36–56.
- de Bot, K., Lowie, W. & Verspoor, M. (2007). A dynamic systems theory to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 7–21.
- De Costa, P. I. (2010). Reconceptualizing language, language learning, and the adolescent immigrant language learner in the age of postmodern globalization. Language and Linguistics Compass, 4, 769–781.
10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00229.x Google Scholar
- De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781847691507 Google Scholar
- Denies, K., Yashima, T., & Janssen, R. (2015). Classroom versus societal willingness to communicate: Investigating French as a second language in Flanders. Modern Language Journal, 99, 718–739.
- Dewaele, J.–M. (2016). Emotion and multicompetence. In V. Cook & Li Wei (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic multicompetence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Dewaele, J.–M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014). The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4, 237–274.
10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.5 Google Scholar
- Donato, R., & Tucker, G. R. (2010). A tale of two schools: Developing sustainable early foreign language programs. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781847693112 Google Scholar
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 9–42). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- A. Duchêne, & M. Heller (Eds.). (2012). Language in late capitalism: Pride and profit. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
10.4324/9780203155868 Google Scholar
- Duff, P. (2012). Identity, agency, and SLA. In A. Mackey & S. Gass (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 410–426). London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Duff, P. (2015). Transnationalism, multilingualism, and identity. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 57–80.
- Duff, P., & Doherty, L. (2015). Examining agency in (second) language socialization research. In P. Deters, X. Gao, E. Miller, & G. Vitanova (Eds.), Interdisciplinary approaches to theorizing and analyzing agency and second language learning (pp. 54–72). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- P. Duff, & D. Li (Eds.). (2009). Indigenous, minority, and heritage language education in Canada. [Special issue]. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(1).
- Ellis, N. C. (2008). Usage-based and form-focused language acquisition: The associative learning of constructions, learned-attention, and the limited L2 endstate. In P. Robinson & N. C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition (pp. 372–405). London: Routledge
- Ellis, N. C. (2014). Cognitive AND social language usage. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36, 397–402.
- Ellis, N. C. (2015). Cognitive and social aspects of learning from usage. In T. Cadierno & S. W. Eskildsen (Eds.), Usage-based perspectives on second language learning. (pp. 49–73). Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.
10.1515/9783110378528-005 Google Scholar
- Ellis, N. C., & Larsen–Freeman, D. (2006). Language emergence: Implications for applied linguistics. Introduction to the Special Issue. Applied Linguistics, 27, 558–589.
- N. C. Ellis, & P. Robinson (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition. New York: Routledge.
- Ellis, R. (2010). Second language acquisition, teacher education and language pedagogy. Language Teaching, 43, 182–201.
- Eskildsen, S. W., & Wagner, J. (2015). Embodied L2 construction learning. Language Learning, 65, 419–448.
- Fairclough, N. (1996). Border crossings: Discourse and social change in contemporary societies. In H. Coleman & L. Cameron (Eds.), Change and language (pp. 3–17). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Fairclough, N. (2005). Critical discourse analysis in transdisciplinary research. In R. Wodak & P. Chilton (Eds.), A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis (pp. 53–70). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/dapsac.13.06fai Google Scholar
- Farr, M., & Song, J. (2011). Language ideologies and policies: Multilingualism and education. Language and Linguistics Compass, 5, 650–665.
10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00298.x Google Scholar
- Firth, A., & Wagner, J. (1997). On discourse, communication, and (some) fundamental concepts in SLA research. Modern Language Journal, 81, 285–300.
- Firth, A., & Wagner, J. (2007). Second/foreign language learning as a social accomplishment: Elaborations on a reconceptualized SLA. Modern Language Journal, 91, 800–819.
- Flores, N. (2013). The unexamined relationship between neoliberalism and plurilingualism: A cautionary tale. TESOL Quarterly, 47, 500–520.
- Gal, S. (2012). Sociolinguistic regimes and the management of “diversity.” In M. Heller & A. Duchêne (Eds.), Language in late capitalism: Pride and profit (pp. 22–37). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Gamble, C., Gowlett, J., & Dunbar, R. (2014). Thinking big: How the evolution of social life shaped the human mind. London: Thames & Hudson.
- García, O. (2014). Countering the dual: Transglossia, dynamic bilingualism and translanguaging in education. In R. Rubdy & L. Alsagoff (Eds.), The global–local interface, language choice and hybridity (pp. 100–118). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Geeslin, K., with Long, A. (2014). Sociolinguistics and second language acquisition. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
10.4324/9780203117835 Google Scholar
- Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press. [Classic Edition 2015]
- Goldin–Meadow, S., & Alibali, M. W. (2013). Gesture's role in speaking, learning and creating language. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 257–283.
- Gorter, D. (2015). Multilingual interaction and minority languages: Proficiency and language practices in education and society. Language Teaching, 48, 82–98.
- Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2011). Teaching and researching reading ( 2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
- Grin, F. (2003). Language planning and economics. Current Issues in Language Planning, 4, 1–66.
10.1080/14664200308668048 Google Scholar
- Grosjean, F. (1989). Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person. Brain and Language, 36, 3–15.
- Guerrettaz, A. M., & Johnston, B. (2013). Materials in the classroom ecology. Modern Language Journal, 97, 779–796.
- Gumperz, J. J. (1968). The speech community. In D. L. Sills & R. K. Merton (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (pp. 381–386). New York: Macmillan.
- Hall, J. K. (1998). Differential teacher attention to student utterances: The construction of different opportunities for learning in the IRF. Linguistics and Education, 9, 287–311.
10.1016/S0898-5898(97)90003-6 Google Scholar
- Hall, J. K. (2011). Teaching and researching language and culture ( 2nd. ed.). London: Routledge.
- Hall, J. K., Cheng, A., & Carlson, M. T. (2006). Reconceptualizing multicompetence as a theory of language knowledge. Applied Linguistics, 27, 220–240.
- Halliday, M. A. K. (1975). Learning how to mean: Explorations in the development of language, London: Edward Arnold.
10.1016/B978-0-12-443701-2.50025-1 Google Scholar
- Halliday, M. A. K. (1990/2001). New ways of meaning: The challenge to applied linguistics. In A. Fill & P. Mühlhäusler (Eds.), The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology, and environment (pp. 175–202). London: Continuum. [First published in the Applied Linguistics Association of Greece's Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6, 7–36, special issue edited by S. Efstathiadis, Selected Papers from the 9th World Congress of Applied Linguistics, Halkidiki, Greece, 1990]
- Han, W.–J. (2012). Bilingualism and academic achievement. Child Development, 83, 300–321.
- Harris, R. (1998). Integrationism. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
- Hashemi, M. R., & Babaii, E. (2013). Mixed methods research: Toward new research designs in applied linguistics. Modern Language Journal, 97, 828–852.
- He, A. (2013). The wor(l)d is a collage: Multi-performance in Chinese heritage speakers. Modern Language Journal, 97, 304–317.
- Henry, A., Davydenko, S., & Dörnyei, Z. (2015). The anatomy of Directed Motivational Currents: Exploring intense and enduring periods of L2 motivation. Modern Language Journal, 99, 329–345.
- Heugh, K. (2015). Epistemologies in multilingual education: Translanguaging and genre – companions in conversation with policy and practice. Language and Education, 29, 280–285.
- Higgins, C. (2015). Intersecting scapes and new millennium identities in language learning. Language Teaching, 48, 373–389.
- Hoff, E. (2013). Interpreting the early language trajectories of children from low SES and language minority homes: Implications for closing achievement gaps. Developmental Psychology, 49, 4–14.
- Holbrook, J. B. (2013). What is interdisciplinary communication? Reflections on the very idea of disciplinary integration. Synthese, 190, 1865–1879.
- Hornberger, N. H. (2009). Hymes's linguistics and ethnography in education. Text & Talk, 29, 347–358.
- Hornberger, N. H., & Hult, F. M. (2006). Educational linguistics. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics ( 2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 76–81). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Limited.
10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00647-7 Google Scholar
- Hornberger, N. H., & Link, H. (2012). Translanguaging and transnational literacies in multilingual classrooms: A biliteracy lens. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15, 261–278.
- Huebner, T. (1998). Linguistics, applied linguistics, and second language acquisition theories. In H. Byrnes (Ed.), Learning foreign and second languages (pp. 58–74). New York: MLA.
- Hulstijn, J. H., Young, R. F., Ortega, L., Bigelow, M., DeKeyser, R., Ellis, N. C., Lantolf, J. P., Mackey, A., & Talmy, S. (2014). Bridging the gap: Cognitive and social approaches to research in second language learning and teaching. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36, 361–421.
- Hult, F. (2011). Theme-based research in the transdisciplinary field of educational linguistics. In F. Hult (Ed.), Directions and prospects for educational linguistics (pp. 19–32). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
- Hult, F. (2014). How does policy influence language in education? In R. Silver & S. Lwin (Eds.), Language in education: Social implications (pp. 159–175). London: Continuum.
- Hyltenstam, K., & Abrahamsson, N. (2003). Maturational constraints in SLA. In C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 539–588). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
10.1002/9780470756492.ch17 Google Scholar
- Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia, PA: The University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Ibbotson, P., Lieven, E. V. M., & Tomasello, M. (2013). The attention–grammar interface: Eye-gaze cues structural choice in children and adults. Cognitive Linguistics, 24, 457–481.
- Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
10.4324/9780203935927 Google Scholar
- Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. New York: Routledge.
10.4324/9780203878033 Google Scholar
- Kanno, Y. (2003). Negotiating bilingual and bicultural identities: Japanese returnees betwixt two worlds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
10.4324/9781410607560 Google Scholar
- Y. Kanno, & B. Norton (Eds.). (2003). Imagined communities and educational possibilities. [Special Issue]. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2 (4).
- Kern, R. (2014). Technology as pharmakon: The promise and perils of the internet for foreign language education. Modern Language Journal, 98, 340–357.
- Klein, J. T. (2014). Discourses of transdisciplinarity: Looking back to the future. Futures, 63, 68–74.
- Klein, W. (1998). The contribution of second language acquisition research. Language Learning, 48, 527–550.
- Koda, K. (2005). Insights into second language reading: A cross-linguistic approach. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9781139524841 Google Scholar
- Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities: Children in America's schools. New York: Broadway Publishing.
- Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject: What foreign language learners say about their experience and why it matters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Kress, G. (2009). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
10.4324/9780203970034 Google Scholar
- Kroskrity, P. (2010). Language ideologies. In J. O. Ostman & J. Verschueren (Eds.), Handbook of pragmatics (pp. 1–24). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/hop.14.lan6 Google Scholar
- Kubanyiova, M. (2014). Knowledge base of language teachers. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley–Blackwell. Published online only: 10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1415
10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1415 Google Scholar
- M. Kubanyiova, & A. Feryok (Eds.). (2015). Language teacher cognition in applied linguistics research: Revisiting the territory, redrawing the boundaries, reclaiming the relevance. Modern Language Journal, 99, 435–449.
- Kubota, R. (2009). Rethinking the superiority of the native speaker: Toward a relational understanding of power. In M. D. Neriko (Ed.), “Native speakers” revisited: Multilingualism, standardization, and diversity in language education (pp. 233–247). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Kubota, R. (2011). Learning a foreign language as leisure and consumption: Enjoyment, desire, and the business of eikaiwa. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14, 473–488.
- Kubota, R. (2013a). Language and education for returnees. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley–Blackwell.
- Kubota, R. (2013b). “Language is only a tool”: Japanese expatriates working in China and implications for language teaching. Multilingual Education, 3, article 4. Accessed Sept. 9 2015 at www.multilingual-education.com/content/3/1/4
10.1186/2191-5059-3-4 Google Scholar
- Labov, W. (1970). The study of language in its social context. Studium Generale, 23, 30–87.
- Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Labov, W. (2006). The social stratification of English in New York. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511618208 Google Scholar
- Lam, W. S. E. (2000). L2 literacy and the design of the self: A case study of a teenager writing on the internet. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 457–482.
- Lantolf, J. P. (1996). SLA theory building: “Letting all the flowers bloom!” Language Learning, 46, 713–749.
- Lantolf, J. P. (2014). The sociocultural perspective. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36, 368–374.
- Lantolf, J. P., & Poehner, M. E. (2014). Sociocultural theory and the pedagogical imperative in L2 education: Vygotskian praxis and the research/practice divide. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
10.4324/9780203813850 Google Scholar
- Lantolf, J., & Thorne, S. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Larsen–Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos/complexity science and second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 18, 141–165.
- Larsen–Freeman, D. (2006). The emergence of complexity, fluency, and accuracy in the oral and written production for five Chinese learners of English. Applied Linguistics, 27, 590–619.
- Larsen–Freeman, D. (2012). Complex, dynamic systems: A new transdisciplinary theme for applied linguistics? Language Teaching, 45, 202–214.
- Larsen–Freeman, D. (2014a). Saying what we mean: Making the case for ‘language acquisition’ to become ‘language development.’ Language Teaching, 48, 491–505.
- Larsen–Freeman, D. (2014b). Another step to be taken—Rethinking the end point of the interlanguage continuum. In Z.–H. Han & E. Tarone (Eds.), Interlanguage. Forty years later (pp. 203–220). Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/lllt.39.11ch9 Google Scholar
- Larsen–Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and principles in language teaching ( 3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Larsen–Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Larsen–Freeman, D., & Tedick, D. J. (2016). Teaching world languages: Thinking differently. In D. Gitomer & C. Bell (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching ( 5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
10.3102/978-0-935302-48-6_22 Google Scholar
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511815355 Google Scholar
- Lee, N., Mikesell, L., Joaquin, A. D. L., Mates, A. W., & Schumann, J. H. (2009). The interactional instinct: The evolution and acquisition of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384246.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Leeman, J., & King, K. (2015). Heritage language education: Minority language speakers, second language instruction, and monolingual schooling. In M. Bigelow & J. Ennser–Kananen (Eds.), Handbook of educational linguistics (pp. 210–223). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Linck, J. A., Hughes, M. M., Campbell, S. G., Silbert, N. H., Tare, M., Jackson, S. R., et al. (2013). Hi-LAB: A new measure of aptitude for high-level language proficiency. Language Learning, 63, 530–566.
- Li Wei, & Zhu, H. (2013). Translanguaging identities and ideologies: Creating transnational space through flexible multilingual practices amongst Chinese university students in the UK. Applied Linguistics, 34, 516–535.
- Luria, A. R. (1978). Selected writings of A. R. Luria. Edited with an introduction by M. Cole. While Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
- Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- MacWhinney, B. (2012). The logic of the Unified Model. In S. M. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 211–227). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- B. MacWhinney, & W. O'Grady (Eds.). (2015). The handbook of language emergence. Malden, MA: Wiley–Blackwell.
- S. Makoni, & A. Pennycook (Eds.). (2007). Disinventing and reconstituting languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Mauss, M. (1973). Techniques of the body. Economy and Society, 2, 70–88.
- May, S. (2011). The disciplinary constraints of SLA and TESOL: Additive bilingualism and second language acquisition, teaching and learning. Linguistics and Education, 22, 233–247.
10.1016/j.linged.2011.02.001 Google Scholar
- McNamara, T. (2012). Language assessments as Shibboleths: A poststructuralist perspective. Applied Linguistics, 33, 564–581
- McNamara, T., & Roever, C. (2006). Language testing: The social dimension. Malden, MA: Wiley–Blackwell.
- Miller, E. (2014). The language of adult immigrants: Agency in the making. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781783092055 Google Scholar
- Milroy, J. (2001). Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2, 530–555.
10.1111/1467-9481.00163 Google Scholar
- Misyak, J. B., & Christiansen, M. H. (2012). Statistical learning and language: An individual differences study. Language Learning, 62, 302–331.
- P. C. Mocombe, C. Tomlin, & C. Wright (Eds.). (2013). Race and class distinctions within Black communities: A racial-caste-in-class. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Moore, D., & MacDonald, M. (2013). Language and literacy development in a Canadian native community: Halq'eméylem revitalization in a Stó:lō Head Start program in British Columbia. Modern Language Journal, 97, 702–719.
- Morita, N. (2004). Negotiating participation and identity in second language academic communities. TESOL Quarterly, 38, 573–603.
- Morson, G., & Emerson, C. (1990). Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a prosaics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
10.1515/9780804765961 Google Scholar
- Muñoz, C., & Singleton, D. (2011). A critical review of age-related research on L2 ultimate attainment. Language Teaching, 44, 1–35.
- New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review, 66, 60–92.
- Nishino, T., & Atkinson, D. (2015). Second language writing as sociocognitive alignment. Journal of Second Language Writing, 27, 37–54.
- Norton, B. (2013). Identity and language learning: Extending the conversation ( 2nd ed.). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781783090563 Google Scholar
- B. Norton, & K. Toohey (Eds.). (2004). Critical pedagogies and language learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9781139524834 Google Scholar
- Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language Teaching, 44, 412–446.
- Ochs, E. (2012). Experiencing language. Anthropological Theory, 12, 142–160.
- Okon–Singer, H., Hendler, T., Pessoa, L., & Shackman, A. J. (2015). The neurobiology of emotion–cognition interactions: Fundamental questions and strategies for future research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, article 58.
- Olsen, L. (2010). Reparable harm: Fulfilling the unkept promise of educational opportunity for long-term English learners. Long Beach, CA: Californians Together.
- Ortega, L. (2005). For what and for whom is our research? The ethical as transformative lens in instructed SLA. Modern Language Journal, 89, 427–443.
- Ortega, L. (2013). SLA for the 21st century: Disciplinary progress, transdisciplinary relevance, and the bi/multilingual turn. Language Learning, 63(Supplement 1), 1–24.
- Ortega, L. (2014a). The cognitive-social gap: Multiple understandings, hopeful commensurabilities. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36, 407–414.
- Ortega, L. (2014b). Ways forward for a bi/multilingual turn in SLA. In S. May (Ed.), The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL and bilingual education (pp. 32–52). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Paradis, M. (2009). Declarative and procedural determinants of second languages. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10.1075/sibil.40 Google Scholar
- Pavlenko, A. (2013). The affective turn in SLA: From ‘affective factors’ to ‘language desire’ and ‘commodification of affect.’ In D. Gabrys–Barker & J. Bielska (Eds.), The affective dimension in second language acquisition (pp. 3–28). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Pavlenko, A., & Norton, B. (2007). Imagined communities, identity, and English language teaching. In J. Cummins & C. Davison (Eds.), International handbook of English language teaching (pp. 669–680). New York: Springer.
10.1007/978-0-387-46301-8_43 Google Scholar
- Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. C. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191–226). London: Longman.
- Pessoa, L. (2015). Precis on The Cognitive-Emotional Brain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, e71.
- Pettitt, N., & Tarone, E. (2015). Following Roba: What happens when a low-educated multilingual adult learns to read. Writing Systems Research, Special Issue: Initial L2 literacy development in adolescents and adults, 7, 20–38.
10.1080/17586801.2014.987199 Google Scholar
- Philips, S. U. (2004). The organization of ideological diversity in discourse: Modern and neotraditional visions of the Tongan state. American Ethnologist, 31, 231–250.
- Preston, D. (1989). Sociolinguistics and second language acquisition. New York/Oxford: Blackwell.
- Rampton, B. (2013). Styling in a language learned later in life. Modern Language Journal, 97, 360–382.
- Ratner, C. (2011). Macro cultural psychology: A political philosophy of mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373547.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Reyes, A. (2013). Linguistic anthropology in 2013: Super-new-big. American Anthropologist, 116, 366–378.
- Ricento, T. (2000). Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4, 196–213.
10.1111/1467-9481.00111 Google Scholar
- Ricento, T. K., & Hornberger, N. H. (1996). Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT professional. TESOL Quarterly, 30, 401–427.
- Roy, S., & Galiev, A. (2011). Discourses on bilingualism in Canadian French immersion programs. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 67, 351–376.
- Ruíz, R. (1988). Orientations in language planning. In S. McKay & S.–L. Wong (Eds.), Language diversity: Problem or resource? (pp. 3–25). New York: Newbury House Publishers.
- Rymes, B. (2010). Classroom discourse analysis: A focus on communicative repertoires. In N. Hornberger & S. McKay (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education (pp. 528–548). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Schleppegrell, M. J. (2013). The role of metalanguage in supporting academic language development. Language Learning, 63(S1), 153–170.
- Schumann, J. (2010). Applied linguistics and the neurobiology of language. In R. Kaplan, (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of applied linguistics ( 2nd ed., pp. 244–259). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Scollon, R. (2001). Mediated discourse: The nexus of practice. London: Routledge.
10.4324/9780203420065 Google Scholar
- Seidlhofer, B. (2001). Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1, 133–158.
10.1111/1473-4192.00011 Google Scholar
- Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL—International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10, 219–231.
- Shohamy, E. (2001). The power of tests: A critical perspective on the uses of language tests. New York: Longman.
- Slobin, D. I. (1993). Adult language acquisition: A view from child language study. In C. Perdue (Ed.), Adult language acquisition: Cross-linguistic perspectives (pp. 239–252). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Spector, J. M. (2013). Emerging educational technologies and research directions. Educational Technology & Society, 16(2), 21–30.
- Statistics Canada. (2011). Census of Population and Statistics Canada (Catalogue no. 98–314-XCB). Accessed April 5 2015 at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo11a-eng.htm
- Subtirelu, N. (2014). A language ideological perspective on willingness to communicate. System, 42, 120–132.
- Swain, M. (2013). The inseparability of cognition and emotion in second language learning. Language Teaching, 46, 195–207.
- Swain, M., & Deters, P. (2007). "New" mainstream SLA theory: Expanded and enriched. Modern Language Journal, 91, 820–836.
- Swain, M., & Johnson, R. K. (1997). Immersion education: A category within bilingual education. In R. K. Johnson & M. Swain (Eds.), Immersion education: International perspectives (pp. 1–16). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Swain, M., Kinnear, P., & Steinman, L. (2015). Sociocultural theory in second language education: An introduction through narratives ( 2nd ed.). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781783093182 Google Scholar
- Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (2005). The evolving socio-political context of immersion education in Canada: Some implications for program development. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15, 169–186.
10.1111/j.1473-4192.2005.00086.x Google Scholar
- Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Tarone, E. (1979). Interlanguage as chameleon. Language Learning, 29, 181–191.
- Tarone, E. (1983). On the variability of interlanguage systems. Applied Linguistics, 4, 143–163.
- Tarone, E. (1985). Variability in interlanguage use: A study of style-shifting in morphology and syntax. Language Learning, 35, 373–403.
- Tarone E. (1988). Variation in interlanguage. London: Edward Arnold.
- Tarone, E., Bigelow, M., & Hanson, K. (2009). Literacy and second language oracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tarone, E., & Liu, G.–Q. (1995). Situational context, variation, and second language acquisition theory. In G. Cook & B. Seidlhofer (Eds.), Principle and practice in applied linguistics: Studies in honour of H. G. Widdowson (pp. 107–124). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tedick, D., Christian, D., & Fortune, T. W. (2011). Immersion education: Practices, policies, possibilities. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
10.21832/9781847694041 Google Scholar
- Thorne, S. L. (2013). Digital literacies. In M. Hawkins (Ed.), Framing languages and literacies: Socially situated views and perspectives (pp. 193–219). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Thorne, S. L., Sauro, S., & Smith, B. (2015). Technologies, identities, and expressive activity. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 215–233.
- Todeva, E. (2009). Multilingualism as a kaleidoscopic experience: The mini-universes within. In E. Todeva & J. Cenoz (Eds.), The multiple realities of multilingualism: Personal narratives and researchers’ perspectives (pp. 53−74). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
- J. W. Tollefson (Ed.). (2002). Language policies in education: Critical issues. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Toohey, K. (2000). Learning English at school: Identity, social relations and classroom practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
- Toomela, A. (2010). Review essay: Poverty of modern mainstream psychology in autobiography: Reflections on a history of psychology in autobiography, Volume IX. Culture & Psychology, 16, 127–144.
- R. Tupas (Ed.). (2015). Unequal Englishes: The politics of Englishes today. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
10.1057/9781137461223 Google Scholar
- Ullman, M. (2005). A cognitive neuroscience perspective on second language acquisition: The declarative–procedural model. In C. Sanz (Ed.), Mind and context in second language acquisition: Methods, theory, and practice (pp. 141–178). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
- Valian, V. V. (2015). Bilingualism and cognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18, 3–24.
- van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2014). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media & Society, 16, 507–526.
- Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29, 1024–1054.
- Vertovec, S. (Ed.). (2015). Routledge international handbook of diversity studies. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.1525/eth.1990.18.3.02a00020 Google Scholar
- Watson–Gegeo, K. A. (2004). Mind, language, and epistemology: Toward a language socialization paradigm for SLA. Modern Language Journal, 88, 331–350.
- Wertsch, J. V. (1994). The primacy of mediated action in sociocultural studies. Mind, Culture and Activity, 1, 202–208.
- Wiley, T. (2014). Diversity, super-diversity, and monolingual language ideology in the United States: Tolerance or intolerance? Review of Research in Education, 38, 1–32.
- Wiley, T. G., & Lukes, M. (1996). English-only and standard English ideologies in the United States. TESOL Quarterly, 30, 511–535.
- Woolard, K. A., & Schieffelin, B. B. (1994). Language ideology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 23, 55–82.
- Zappa–Hollman, S., & Duff, P. (2015). Academic English socialization through individual networks of practice. TESOL Quarterly, 49, 333–368.
- Zhang, X., & Lantolf, J. P. (2015). Natural or artificial: Is the route of L2 development teachable? Language Learning, 65, 152–180.
- Zuengler, J., & Miller, E. (2006). Cognitive and sociocultural perspectives: Two parallel SLA worlds? TESOL Quarterly, 40, 35–58.