ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The ketogenic diet could improve the efficacy of curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract in the treatment of gastric cancer by increasing miR340 expression and apoptosis mediated by autophagy, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis
Qiuju Xiao,
Bo Deng,
Abolfazl Akbari,
Qisheng Liu,
Bisheng Zhu,
Qiuju Xiao
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Deng
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbolfazl Akbari
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qisheng Liu
Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Correspondence
Qisheng Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Bisheng Zhu, Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bisheng Zhu
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Correspondence
Qisheng Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Bisheng Zhu, Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorQiuju Xiao,
Bo Deng,
Abolfazl Akbari,
Qisheng Liu,
Bisheng Zhu,
Qiuju Xiao
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Deng
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbolfazl Akbari
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qisheng Liu
Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Correspondence
Qisheng Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Bisheng Zhu, Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bisheng Zhu
Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
Correspondence
Qisheng Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Bisheng Zhu, Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437199, Hubei, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorQiuju Xiao and Bo Deng are the first authors in this research and had an equal role in this research.
Qisheng Liu and Bisheng Zhu are the authors of the correspondence and had an equal role in this research.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a multistage process that involves glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, microRNA-340 (miR340) also plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and the biology of gastric cancer as an epigenetic factor. It seems that the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant extracts that have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties can be good treatment options to cure gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-340 on pathways involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the improving effects of the KD, Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE), and curcumin in the animal model of gastric cancer. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The expression of miR-340 along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE in a dose-dependent behavior could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue of rats with cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between cancer groups receiving ODE and curcumin. These results also showed that consumption of KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to increasing miR-340 expression. The results of this study suggested well that the KD along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine can be a useful solution for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Practical applications
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death, and genetic and epigenetic factors, including miR-340, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant products such as curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE) can play an effective role in inhibiting tumorigenesis in some cancers. Our results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to an increase in miR-340 expression. These findings provide novel perceptions about the mechanisms of the KD, curcumin, and ODE to cure gastric cancer. It suggested that the KD as adjunctive therapy along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine could be considered a useful solution to prevent and treat gastric cancer.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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