Association between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast cancer risk according to menopausal status and receptor status in Japan
Takakazu Kawase
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Keitaro Matsuo
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorTakeshi Suzuki
Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorKaoru Hirose
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorSatoyo Hosono
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorMiki Watanabe
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorMasaki Inagaki
Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorHiroji Iwata
Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHideo Tanaka
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorKazuo Tajima
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorTakakazu Kawase
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Keitaro Matsuo
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorTakeshi Suzuki
Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorKaoru Hirose
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorSatoyo Hosono
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorMiki Watanabe
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorMasaki Inagaki
Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorHiroji Iwata
Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHideo Tanaka
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorKazuo Tajima
Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Although several studies have investigated the possible association between elevated vitamin D and calcium intake and low breast cancer risk, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a case-control study to clarify the association between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast cancer risk among pre- and post- menopausal women in Japan. We also investigated whether these effects were modified by tumor receptor status, specifically estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status. We examined 1803 breast cancer patients and 3606 age- and menopausal status-matched noncancer controls. Among cases, 713 were assessed for ER, PR, and HER2 status. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional or unconditional logistic models adjusted for potential confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast cancer risk among all subjects, with top quartile ORs of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.63–0.90; trend P = 0.001) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69–0.99; trend P = 0.038), respectively. In analyses stratified by menopausal status, a significant association between risk and vitamin D was observed only among premenopausal women (trend P < 0.001), whereas that between risk and calcium intake was seen only among postmenopausal women (trend P = 0.022). Heterogeneity by menopausal status for these associations was statistically significant. This association was modified by tumor receptor status. These findings suggest that the protective effects of vitamin D and calcium intake against breast cancer risk may differ by menopausal status and receptor status.
(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1234–1240)
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